A multimodal framework for studying mobility and transportation safety in an urban network

改善所有交通方式的城市流动性和交通安全，对于发展可持续的城市交通系统至关重要。这就需要开发交通安全分析的决策工具和方法，将安全结果、建筑环境、道路几何设计、交通管制、机动车和非机动车交通流量以及天气状况等广泛的数据结合起来。此外，为了更好地理解与安全相关的问题和解决方案，有必要收集和监测所有相关变量的时空分布数据。这揭示了必须解决的几个特定挑战，即：1）需要随着时间的推移监控和收集与整个网络中所有模式的交通状况相关的数据; 2）需要开发方法来估计准确的交通暴露措施并绘制网络中的风险; 3）需要开发新的方法和模型，帮助理解促成风险因素、暴露、和替代/碰撞安全结果。该研究计划旨在将这三个研究流。本文提出的研究计划的总体目标是解决交通运输机构对网络中的所有模式和元素进行整体安全研究时出现的几个关键问题。该研究项目是我在麦吉尔大学研究项目长期愿景的一个组成部分，该项目旨在通过整合前沿研究和技术，为可持续城市交通系统开发创新解决方案。拟议的研究计划将解决前面列出的挑战;更具体地说，目标分为以下三组：i）开发用于安全应用的创新数据收集系统，包括基于视频的自动曝光和替代措施，以及结合多种数据源的工具，如GPS智能手机设备和自动计数工具。㈡改进为所有道路使用者估计和绘制交通密度的方法，包括为因数计算和外推方法开发分类和匹配算法，以估计交叉口和街道路段的每日流量，㈢为安全分析开发先进的建模框架和综合决策工具。本研究的长期目标是开发自动多模式交通数据收集工具和措施，将经典方法与替代方法联系起来，并提高对导致碰撞的力学和因素的理解。从长远来看，该计划还旨在提高当前方法的准确性，以估计不同建筑环境和道路设施中所有模式的交通量，并开发世界标准的安全模型和工具，用于研究和实际应用。这项研究预计将产生大量关于交通数据收集和监控方法的新知识，以及使用基于碰撞和行为数据的新安全方法进行风险建模。宏观和微观层面的建模工具将用于将多模式安全方法纳入资源优化分配的决策过程。该研究计划还有望为确定最佳设计实践和处理方法做出重大贡献，以改善城市交通安全和多式联运。

The improvement of urban mobility and traffic safety for all modes of transportation is essential for developing sustainable urban transportation systems. This requires the development of decision-making tools and methods for traffic safety analysis that integrate a wide array of data, such as safety outcomes, built environment, road geometry designs, traffic controls, motorized and non-motorized traffic flows and weather conditions. Moreover, to better understand safety-related problems and solutions, it is necessary to collect and monitor data regarding the spatio-temporal distribution of all the involved variables. This reveals several particular challenges that must be addressed, namely: 1) the need to monitor and collect data related to traffic conditions for all modes in the entire network over time; 2) the need to develop methods to estimate accurate traffic exposure measures and map risk in a network; 3) The need to develop new approaches and models that help in the understanding of the complex relationships between contributing risk factors, exposure, and surrogate/crash safety outcomes. This research program is designed to bring these three streams of research. The overall goal of the research program proposed herein is to address several key issues that arise when transportation agencies conduct integral safety studies for all modes and elements in a network. This research program is an integral component of the long-term vision of my research program at McGill, which is to develop innovative solutions for sustainable urban transport systems by integrating leading-edge research and technologies. The proposed research program will address the challenges listed earlier; more specifically, the objectives fall into the following three groups: i) Developing innovative data collection systems for safety applications, including automatic video-based exposure and surrogate measures, as well as tools combining multiple data sources, such as GPS smartphone devices and automatic counting tools. ii) Improving methods for estimating and mapping traffic intensity for all road users, which includes the development of classification and matching algorithms for factoring counts and extrapolation methods to estimate daily flows at intersections and street sections, iii) Developing advanced modeling frameworks and integral decision-making tools for safety analysis. The long term objectives of this research are the development of automatic multimodal traffic data collection tools and measures that bridge classical approaches with surrogate methods, and improve the understanding of the mechanics of and factors leading to crashes. In the long-term, this program also aims at improving the accuracy of current methods to estimate traffic volumes for all modes in different built environments and road facilities as well as developing world-standard safety models and tools for research and practical applications. This research is expected to generate a significant body of new knowledge on traffic data collection and monitoring methods, as well as risk modeling using new safety methods based on crash and behavioral data. Macro and micro level modeling tools will be used to incorporate a multimodal safety approach in the decision making process for an optimal allocation of resources. This research program is also expected to significantly contribute to the identification of the best design practices and treatments to improve urban transportation safety and multimodal mobility.