Herbivore-induced plant volatiles: plant and insect responses

草食动物诱导的植物挥发物：植物和昆虫的反应

• 批准号: 2729-2011
• 负责人: Isman, Murray
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568258
• 关键词: Herbivore; induced; plant; volatiles; insect

Volatile organic compounds can play a dominant role in the ecology of plants. Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are well documented for a number of agronomic plants, as is their role in attracting parasitoids and predators, thus providing indirect defense for the emitting plant. What is far less well know is the influence of HIPVs among different types of insect herbivores attacking the same plant, and whether insect herbivores can habituate to these olfactory signals from their host plants. Key parameters of global climate change - increasing CO2 and temperature - are predicted to alter plant defensive chemistry and may make crops more vulnerable to pests. Effects of these atmospheric factors on HIPVs has been little studied. I propose to explore HIPVs from three perspectives, that of the plant, the herbivore community and individual herbivores. Specifically, the objectives of the proposed research are: 1. To determine qualitative and quantitative differences in HIPVs between greenhouse grown and field grown tomato plants of comparable age, and if HIPVs are increased by CO2 enrichment; 2. To determine if HIPVs influence landing/settling by different herbivores (looper moths, aphids, whiteflies) either positively (attraction) or negatively (repellence/deterrence), including influence on conspecifics (i.e. the inducing species); 3. To determine if herbivores can become habituated to HIPVs after prolonged exposure These studies will enhance our understanding of the role of HIPVs in insect-plant interactions, in particular regarding their role in community ecology of insect herbivores. On the practical side, we may better predict how global climate change might impact food production by understanding how plant defences may change in response to abiotic factors, and how insects may in turn respond to HIPVs on a population and individual basis. Ultimately we may be able to turn to HIPVs to better effect pest management via manipulation of pest populations.

挥发性有机化合物在植物生态中起着主导作用。食草动物诱导的植物挥发物（HIPV）在许多农艺植物中都有详细记录，它们在吸引寄生物和捕食者方面的作用也很重要，从而为排放植物提供间接防御。 鲜为人知的是，HIPV 对攻击同一植物的不同类型食草昆虫的影响，以及食草昆虫是否能够习惯来自宿主植物的这些嗅觉信号。 全球气候变化的关键参数——二氧化碳和温度的增加——预计将改变植物的防御化学反应，并可能使农作物更容易受到害虫的侵害。 这些大气因素对 HIPV 的影响的研究很少。 我建议从植物、食草动物群落和食草动物个体三个角度来探讨HIPV。 具体来说，拟议研究的目标是： 1. 确定年龄相当的温室种植和田间种植的番茄植株之间 HIPV 的定性和定量差异，以及 HIPV 是否因 CO2 富集而增加； 2. 确定 HIPV 是否对不同食草动物（尺蠖蛾、蚜虫、粉虱）的着陆/定居产生积极（吸引）或消极（排斥/威慑）影响，包括对同种（即诱导物种）的影响； 3. 确定食草动物在长期接触 HIPV 后是否会习惯 这些研究将增强我们对 HIPV 在昆虫与植物相互作用中的作用的理解，特别是它们在昆虫食草动物群落生态中的作用。 在实践方面，通过了解植物防御如何响应非生物因素而变化，以及昆虫如何在种群和个体基础上对 HIPV 做出反应，我们可以更好地预测全球气候变化可能如何影响粮食生产。 最终，我们也许能够利用 HIPV 通过控制害虫种群来更好地实现害虫管理。