Orthographic coding and lexical processing

正交编码和词汇处理

• 批准号: 6333-2011
• 负责人: Lupker, Stephen
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568458
• 关键词: Orthographic; coding; lexical; processing

One principle of virtually all theories of skilled reading is that word identification is a competitive process. When a word is first perceived, an orthographic code is created representing the letters in the word. That code then activates the mental ("lexical") representation of not only the presented word but also those for similarly spelled words. In time, the mental representation of the word being read should inhibit those of the inappropriate words, with its representation becoming the only representation remaining active. The purpose of this proposal is to continue my examination of the processes by which the appropriate word wins this competition. One major question is how to characterize the orthographic coding process. What has become clear is that the set of words with representations that are at least partially activated by any particular orthographic code is extensive. For example, our data have shown that reading the letter string avactino creates an orthographic code that activates the lexical representation for the word VACATION (in spite of the fact that the orthographic codes of avacitno and VACATION have no letters in the same positions). This fact indicates that the two orthographic codes must be somewhat similar. One key issue, therefore, is how to characterize the nature of orthographic coding in a way that reflects this similarity. A second key issue is how to characterize the lexical selection process, that is, the process by which the correct word wins the competition. The means of examining these issues involves presenting single (target) words or nonwords on a computer screen following word or nonword "primes" which are presented briefly and masked so that they do not reach consciousness. Readers are timed while they overtly respond to the targets either by classifying them as words or nonwords or responding "yes" or "no" as to whether they match a pre-specified stimulus. By gaining a better understanding of the nature of orthographic coding and of the competition process among representations in the mental lexicon, we hope to obtain a better foundation for understanding: a) normal reading in adults, b) how best to teach children to read and c) how to remediate reading difficulties in reading disabled individuals.

几乎所有的熟练阅读理论的一个原则是，单词识别是一个竞争的过程。当第一次感知到一个单词时，创建表示该单词中的字母的正字法代码。然后，该代码不仅激活呈现的单词的心理(词汇)表示，还激活拼写相似的单词的心理(词汇)表示。随着时间的推移，正在阅读的单词的心理表征应该会抑制不适当词语的心理表征，其表征成为唯一保持活跃的表征。 这项提议的目的是继续我对适当的词赢得这场比赛的过程的审查。一个主要问题是如何描述正字法编码过程。显而易见的是，至少部分由任何特定的正字法代码激活的表示的单词集合是广泛的。例如，我们的数据显示，阅读字母串avactino会创建一个正字法代码，该代码激活单词VALUATION的词汇表示法(尽管AVACITNO和VALUATION的正字法代码在相同的位置没有字母)。这一事实表明，这两个正字法代码一定有些相似。因此，一个关键问题是如何以一种反映这种相似性的方式来表征正字法编码的性质。第二个关键问题是如何描述词汇选择过程，即正确的单词赢得竞争的过程。 检查这些问题的方法包括在计算机屏幕上呈现单个(目标)单词或非单词，紧跟在单词或非单词“质数”之后，这些单词或非单词被短暂地呈现并被遮盖，以便它们不会到达意识中。当读者公开地对目标做出反应时，他们会被计时，要么将他们归类为单词或非单词，要么回答是或否，看他们是否与预先指定的刺激相匹配。通过更好地理解正字法编码的本质和心理词典中表征之间的竞争过程，我们希望为理解：a)成年人的正常阅读，b)如何最好地教儿童阅读，c)如何补救阅读障碍者的阅读困难提供更好的基础。