Mechanisms underlying the influence of the gastrointestinal tract environment on probiotic efficacy

胃肠道环境对益生菌功效影响的机制

• 批准号: 170094-2011
• 负责人: GreenJohnson, Julia
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Ontario Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=569543
• 关键词: Mechanisms; underlying; influence; gastrointestinal; tract

Current evidence indicates essential roles for gut microbes in host health through effects on host defense and the immune system, and probiotics receive much attention in this regard. However, attempts to effectively translate and apply current knowledge about probiotics through strategic use of diet and administration modalities have generated controversy, due to variation in effects and outcomes. Such variation poses a challenge to effectively harnessing the potential of probiotics. Gaps in current knowledge about behavior of probiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract must be addressed to meet this challenge. The objective of this research program is to determine how key elements in the GI tract influence the activity of probiotics and their resultant impact on the immune system. The GI tract is a complex milieu with many factors potentially contributing to variation in probiotic efficacy. One fundamental question is how the pre-existing GI tract community of microbes influence the activity of probiotics, a factor that could contribute greatly to variation in response between individuals. Food components with the ability to influence cell signaling and gene expression provide another element that could influence probiotic efficacy in the GI tract. Dairy and soy foods used to deliver probiotics in the diet contain several such components, such as certain vitamins, fatty acids, peptides, and in the case of soy, phytochemicals. This research will determine the impact of these GI tract elements including, variation in the gut microbial community, on the ability of probiotics to act on the immune system. Examining the mechanisms underlying this relationship at the level of cell activity, signalling and gene expression will clarify probiotic effects and lead to new insight into the best ways to utilize probiotics.

目前的证据表明，肠道微生物通过对宿主防御和免疫系统的影响在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用，益生菌在这方面受到了广泛关注。 然而，试图通过饮食和管理方式的策略性使用来有效地转化和应用当前关于益生菌的知识，由于效果和结果的变化而产生了争议。 这种变化对有效利用益生菌的潜力提出了挑战。 目前关于益生菌在胃肠道（GI）中行为的知识缺口必须得到解决，以应对这一挑战。这项研究计划的目的是确定胃肠道中的关键因素如何影响益生菌的活性及其对免疫系统的影响。 胃肠道是一个复杂的环境，有许多因素可能导致益生菌功效的变化。 一个基本的问题是预先存在的胃肠道微生物群落如何影响益生菌的活性，这是一个可能极大地影响个体之间反应差异的因素。 具有影响细胞信号传导和基因表达能力的食物成分提供了另一种可能影响益生菌在胃肠道中功效的因素。 用于在饮食中提供益生菌的乳制品和大豆食品含有几种这样的成分，例如某些维生素，脂肪酸，肽，以及在大豆的情况下，植物化学物质。 这项研究将确定这些胃肠道元素的影响，包括肠道微生物群落的变化，对益生菌作用于免疫系统的能力。 在细胞活性，信号传导和基因表达水平上研究这种关系的机制将澄清益生菌的作用，并对利用益生菌的最佳方法产生新的见解。