Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

有机环境小麦农学、遗传学和育种

• 批准号: 249708-2013
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570698
• 关键词: Agronomy; Genetics; Breeding; Wheat; Organic

As concern for environmental stewardship rises, and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices may become more and more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, and especially in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a pioneering long-term NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. Long-term objectives: 1) Develop a crop ideotype for hard red spring bread wheat grown under low-input (organic) management in black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 2) Understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, and use that understanding to develop bread wheat varieties for production under low-input (organic) farming systems in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 3) Develop long-term agronomic strategies for the organic production of bread wheat, in mixtures with other annual grain or pulse crops, in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. These strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimize energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. For the proposed research, my students and I will 1) Determine whether breeding directly within organic environments is necessary for developing cultivars adapted to organic environments, 2) Screen wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in under low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential QTL and breeding potential of traits uncovered; 3) Continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments; 4) Conduct agronomic research on wheat cropping strategies in mixtures with other grains and pulses under organic conditions; 5) Evaluate the nutrient uptake ability and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes grown under low (deficient) and sufficient soil P conditions.

随着人们对环境管理的担忧与日俱增，化学投入的生态和金钱成本超过了社会门槛，有机农业实践在加拿大西部可能变得越来越重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。关于加拿大有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究很少，特别是在加拿大草原的黑土区。这项拟议的研究是NSERC发现赠款支持的开创性长期计划的继续，该计划与小麦有机生产的育种和农艺战略的发展有关。 长期目标：1)开发在加拿大草原黑土区低投入(有机)管理下种植的硬红春面包小麦的理想作物模式；2)了解潜在的遗传机制，并利用这种认识开发用于加拿大草原黑土区低投入(有机)耕作体系下生产的面包小麦品种；3)制定在加拿大草原黑土区与其他一年生谷物或豆类作物混合进行有机面包小麦生产的长期农艺战略。这些战略将探索开发系统的潜力，以最大限度地减少能源投入，同时维持农业生态系统的长期能源平衡。 在拟议的研究中，我和我的学生将1)确定是否有必要在有机环境中直接育种，以培育适应有机环境的品种；2)筛选低投入(有机)和常规环境下潜在竞争能力和产量的小麦作图群体，并确定已发现性状的遗传力、潜在QTL和育种潜力；3)继续提炼适合有机环境的小麦理想模式；4)在有机条件下与其他谷物和豆类混合进行小麦种植策略的农学研究；5)评估在低(不足)和充足的土壤磷条件下生长的小麦品种的养分吸收能力和农艺表现。