Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

随着对环境管理以及化学品投入的生态和金钱成本的担忧超过社会门槛，有机农业实践在加拿大西部将变得更加重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。关于加拿大有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究很少，在加拿大草原黑土区的研究更少。这项拟议的研究是NSERC发现赠款支持的长期开创性计划的继续，该计划与小麦有机生产的育种和农艺战略的发展有关。*长期目标：1)为在加拿大草原黑土区低投入(有机)管理下种植的硬红春面包小麦开发一种理想的作物模式；2)了解潜在的遗传机制，并利用这种了解开发用于加拿大草原黑土区低投入(有机)耕作制度下生产的面包小麦品种；以及3)为在加拿大草原黑土区与其他一年生谷物或豆类作物混合的有机面包小麦生产制定长期农艺战略。这些战略将探索开发系统的潜力，以最大限度地减少能源投入，同时维持农业生态系统的长期能源平衡。*在拟议的研究中，我和我的学生将1)有目的地筛选小麦定位群体，以寻找在低投入(有机)和常规环境下潜在的竞争能力和产量的特征，并确定遗传力、潜在的数量性状座位(QTL)和已发现的性状的育种潜力；2)继续提炼适合有机环境的小麦理想模式；3)在有机条件下对所选品种的小麦种植策略进行农学研究；以及4)评估在低(不足)和充足的土壤P和N条件下种植的小麦的养分吸收能力和农艺表现。

As concern for environmental stewardship and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices will become more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, fewer in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a long-term pioneering NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. ******Long-term objectives: 1) develop a crop ideotype for hard red spring bread wheat grown under low-input (organic) management in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 2) understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, and use that understanding to develop bread wheat varieties for production under low-input (organic) farming systems in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; and 3) develop long-term agronomic strategies for the organic production of bread wheat, in mixtures with other annual grain or pulse crops, in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. These strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimise energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. ******For the proposed research, my students and I will 1) screen purposely chosen wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) and breeding potential of traits uncovered; 2) continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments; 3) conduct agronomic research on wheat cropping strategies in chosen varietal blends under organic conditions; and 4) evaluate the nutrient uptake ability and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes (and populations) grown under low (deficient) and sufficient soil P and N conditions.