Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

随着对环境管理的关注以及化学品投入的生态和货币费用超过了社会门槛，有机农业实践将在加拿大西部变得更加重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。关于加拿大有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究很少，在加拿大大草原黑土地带的研究更少。拟议的研究是NSERC发现基金支持的一个长期开创性项目的延续，该项目与小麦有机生产的育种和农艺策略发展有关。******长期目标：1)开发在加拿大大草原黑土区低投入（有机）管理下种植的硬红春饼小麦的作物理想型；2)了解潜在的遗传机制，并利用这一认识开发适用于加拿大大草原黑土区低投入（有机）农业系统生产的面包小麦品种；3)在加拿大大草原的黑土地带，制定面包小麦与其他一年生谷物或豆类作物混合有机生产的长期农艺战略。这些战略将探索开发系统的潜力，使能源投入最小化，同时保持农业生态系统的长期能量平衡。******在这项研究中，我和我的学生将1)筛选有意选择的小麦作图群体，寻找在低投入（有机）和常规环境下潜在竞争能力和产量的性状，并确定所发现性状的遗传力、潜在的数量性状位点（QTL）和育种潜力；2)继续完善有机环境小麦的理想形态；3)开展有机条件下小麦品种混交种种植策略的农艺研究；4)评价低（缺）、充足土壤磷氮条件下小麦基因型（和群体）的养分吸收能力和农艺性能。

As concern for environmental stewardship and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices will become more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, fewer in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a long-term pioneering NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. ******Long-term objectives: 1) develop a crop ideotype for hard red spring bread wheat grown under low-input (organic) management in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 2) understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, and use that understanding to develop bread wheat varieties for production under low-input (organic) farming systems in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; and 3) develop long-term agronomic strategies for the organic production of bread wheat, in mixtures with other annual grain or pulse crops, in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. These strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimise energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. ******For the proposed research, my students and I will 1) screen purposely chosen wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) and breeding potential of traits uncovered; 2) continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments; 3) conduct agronomic research on wheat cropping strategies in chosen varietal blends under organic conditions; and 4) evaluate the nutrient uptake ability and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes (and populations) grown under low (deficient) and sufficient soil P and N conditions.