Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

随着对环境管理的关注的增加，以及化学投入的生态和货币费用超过了社会门槛，有机农业做法在加拿大西部可能会变得越来越重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。在加拿大，特别是在加拿大大草原的黑土区，很少有关于有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究。这项研究是NSERC发现补助金长期支持的一项开拓性计划的延续，该计划与小麦有机生产的育种和农艺策略的发展有关。 长期目标：这是一项长期研究，旨在扩展以下方面的科学信息水平：1）土壤养分缺乏和杂草竞争能力育种的遗传基础，2）环境可持续小麦农艺学和有机环境育种，以及3）理解竞争能力的生理机制。 本项目的短期目标是：a）筛选有目的选择的关联和双亲小麦作图群体，以确定低投入（有机）和常规环境下的竞争力和产量性状，并确定所揭示性状的遗传力、潜在QTL和育种潜力。这种研究需要至少三年、两个地点、大规模的田间试验，以收集关于所有农艺、疾病和品质性状的表型信息，以及广泛的基因型数据收集和进一步的统计分析; B）通过田间试验继续改进用于有机环境的小麦理想型; 3）对我们小组在常规和有机试验中配对春小麦品种的历史数据进行荟萃分析，以发现在有机/低投入条件下赋予优势的性状的证据。 所有实验性战略都将探索开发系统的潜力，这些系统有助于最大限度地减少能源投入，同时保持农业生态系统的长期能源平衡。

As concern for environmental stewardship rises, and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices may become more and more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, and especially in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a pioneering long-term NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. Long-term objectives: This is a long-term study designed to extend the level of scientific information on 1) the genetic basis of breeding for soil nutrient deficiencies and weed competitive ability, 2) environmentally sustainable wheat agronomy and breeding for organic environments, and 3) understanding the physiological mechanisms of competitive ability. The short-term objectives of the present 5-year project are to a) Screen purposely chosen association and bi-parental wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential QTL and breeding potential of traits uncovered. Such studies require a minimum of three year, two site, large scale field trials to gather phenotypic information on all manner of agronomic, disease and quality traits in addition to extensive genotypic data collection and further statistical analyses; b) Continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments through field experimentation; 3) Conduct a meta-analysis of our group's historical data pairing spring wheat cultivars in conventional and organic trials to uncover evidence pointing to traits conferring advantage in organic/low-input conditions. All experimental strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimize energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem.