Genetic Improvement of Leaf and Stripe Rust Resistance in Canadian Spring Wheat

加拿大春小麦叶锈病和条锈病抗性的遗传改良

• 批准号: 522311-2017
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 7.49万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=697634
• 关键词: Genetic; Improvement; Leaf; Stripe; Rust

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe (yellow) rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) are two of the most common diseases of wheat in western Canada. They are responsible for major yield losses and grain quality deterioration. Although the severity of both diseases can be reduced through agronomic management practices and application of foliar fungicides, the development of resistant cultivars is a more economical and environmentally friendly approach to control rusts. Various single genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the two diseases have been reported in the literature, but only four genes for leaf rust (Lr16, Lr21, Lr22a and Lr34/Yr18) and five genes for stripe rust (Yr7, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18/Lr34 and Yr36) contribute most of the resistance against the prevalent races in western Canada. Molecular markers are available for introgressing each gene using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Qualitative disease resistance, expressed at seedling stage, is controlled by single major effect genes that lose their effectiveness over time due to changes in pathogen populations. Quantitative resistance, expressed at adult plant stage, is controlled by genes and/or QTLs with small additive effects, which is more durable, but requires the introgression of multiple genes/QTLs in to the same genetic background. Here, we propose to train young professionals on cultivar/line development using doubled haploid (DH) technology, gene pyramiding using MAS, and identification of new sources of resistance to rusts using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The specific objectives of the project are the following: (1) to develop improved wheat germplasm that consist of new combinations of at least three leaf rust and/or stripe rust resistant genes using a combination of DH technology and MAS; (2) to identify new sources of leaf and stripe rust resistance by evaluating 220 historical and modern Canadian spring wheat cultivars along with 30 spring wheat lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) for their reaction to seedling resistance under greenhouse and adult plant resistance under both field and greenhouse conditions; and (3) to train two graduate students (1 PhD and 1 MSc) in wheat breeding and genetics.

叶锈病（Puccinia triticina）和条锈病（Puccinia striiformis f.在加拿大西部，小麦的两种最常见的病害是小麦的两种病害。 他们是造成产量损失和粮食质量恶化的主要原因。虽然这两种病害的严重程度可以通过农艺管理措施和叶面杀菌剂的应用来降低，但抗性品种的开发是控制锈病的更经济和环境友好的方法。在文献中已经报道了与这两种疾病相关的各种单基因和数量性状位点（QTL），但是只有4个叶锈病基因（Lr 16、Lr 21、Lr 22 a和Lr 34/Yr 18）和5个条锈病基因（Yr 7、Yr 10、Yr 17、Yr 18/Lr 34和Yr 36）贡献了对加拿大西部流行小种的大部分抗性。分子标记可用于使用标记辅助选择（MAS）渗入每个基因。在苗期表达的定性抗病性由单个主效基因控制，这些主效基因由于病原体群体的变化而随着时间的推移而失去效力。数量抗性在成株期表现，由加性效应较小的基因或QTL控制，抗性较持久，但需要多个基因或QTL渗入同一遗传背景。在这里，我们建议培训年轻的专业人员在品种/线的发展，使用双单倍体（DH）技术，使用MAS的基因重组，并使用全基因组关联研究（GWAS）鉴定抗锈病的新来源。该项目的具体目标如下：（1）利用DH技术和MAS相结合，开发由至少三个抗叶锈病和/或条锈病基因的新组合组成的改良小麦种质;（二）通过评估220个历史和现代加拿大春小麦品种沿着30个春小麦品系，国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT），以表彰他们对温室条件下幼苗抗性和田间和温室条件下成株抗性的反应;（3）培养两名小麦育种和遗传学研究生（1名博士和1名硕士）。