Agronomy, Genetics and Breeding of Wheat for Organic Environments

有机环境小麦农学、遗传学和育种

• 批准号: 249708-2013
• 负责人: Spaner, Dean
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=630404
• 关键词: Agronomy; Genetics; Breeding; Wheat; Organic

As concern for environmental stewardship rises, and the ecological and monetary expense of chemical inputs rises beyond societal thresholds, organic agricultural practices may become more and more important in western Canada, as they have in much of Europe. There have been few long-term studies on spring wheat production under organic conditions in Canada, and especially in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. The proposed research is a continuation of a pioneering long-term NSERC Discovery Grant supported program related to the development of breeding and agronomic strategies for the organic production of wheat. Long-term objectives: 1) Develop a crop ideotype for hard red spring bread wheat grown under low-input (organic) management in black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 2) Understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, and use that understanding to develop bread wheat varieties for production under low-input (organic) farming systems in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies; 3) Develop long-term agronomic strategies for the organic production of bread wheat, in mixtures with other annual grain or pulse crops, in the black soil zone of the Canadian Prairies. These strategies will explore the potential of developing systems that serve to minimize energy inputs while maintaining the long-term energy balance of the agro-ecosystem. For the proposed research, my students and I will 1) Determine whether breeding directly within organic environments is necessary for developing cultivars adapted to organic environments, 2) Screen wheat mapping populations for traits underlying competitive ability and yield in under low input (organic) and conventional environments, and determine heritabilities, potential QTL and breeding potential of traits uncovered; 3) Continue refining a wheat ideotype for organic environments; 4) Conduct agronomic research on wheat cropping strategies in mixtures with other grains and pulses under organic conditions; 5) Evaluate the nutrient uptake ability and agronomic performance of wheat genotypes grown under low (deficient) and sufficient soil P conditions.

随着对环境管理的关注的增加，以及化学投入的生态和货币费用超过了社会门槛，有机农业做法在加拿大西部可能会变得越来越重要，就像在欧洲大部分地区一样。在加拿大，特别是在加拿大大草原的黑土区，很少有关于有机条件下春小麦生产的长期研究。这项研究是NSERC发现补助金长期支持的一项开拓性计划的延续，该计划与小麦有机生产的育种和农艺策略的发展有关。长期目标：1）开发加拿大大草原黑土区低投入（有机）管理下种植的硬红春面包小麦的作物理想型; 2）了解潜在的遗传机制，并利用这种理解开发加拿大大草原黑土区低投入（有机）耕作系统下生产的面包小麦品种; 3）在加拿大大草原的黑土区，为面包小麦与其他一年生谷物或豆类作物的有机生产制定长期的农艺策略。这些战略将探讨开发系统的潜力，这些系统可尽量减少能源投入，同时保持农业生态系统的长期能源平衡。在本研究中，我和我的学生将：1）确定直接在有机环境中育种是否是培育适应有机环境的品种所必需的; 2）筛选小麦作图群体中低投入（有机）和常规环境下的竞争力和产量性状，并确定所揭示性状的遗传力、潜在QTL和育种潜力; 3）继续完善有机环境下的小麦理想型; 4）在有机条件下进行小麦与其他谷物和豆类混合种植策略的农艺学研究; 5）评估在低（缺乏）和充足土壤P条件下生长的小麦基因型的养分吸收能力和农艺学表现。