An automated 3D CAD model-based decision support system (DSS) for general contracting of off-site building construction projects

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Industrialized construction creates new requirements for project design, planning, and execution, necessitating a well-structured Decision Support System (DSS) to accommodate the manufacturing process and on-site assembly needs. Existing tools are not designed to readily support the off-site or modular construction process, which requires continuous improvement in the production line, building process, building materials, and components. While there are a number of criteria to be considered when improving the manufacturing process, cost is the key factor due to scarcity of resources and a high level of competition in the marketplace. Target cost analysis (TCA) establishes the framework for the design-estimate phase, and the detailed set of shop drawings provides accurate material take-off lists that facilitate automation. Moreover, the objectives of this proposed research will be achieved through a two-step process: (1) development of a TCA model, where a hierarchical multi-level analysis, divided into categories, subcategories, and elements, creates a dynamic system connecting the cost and design process/manufacturing and on-site assembly; and (2) on-site assembly management and productivity analysis, where a comprehensive productivity analysis system is performed for the on-site activities to improve project delivery. The outcomes are expected to make a positive impact on Canadian society economically, socially, and environmentally. The result of this work will be a reduced overall cost by automatically exploring all the available and compatible building components. This will be translated into reduction in residential pricing through the continuous process of cost reduction and innovation. In terms of social benefits, off-site construction entails that the majority of tasks are performed in a controlled factory, thus reducing the reliance on on-site activities that are the primary contributors to injury and mortality in construction. Improving the efficiency of the construction operations while reducing the likelihood of work stoppages by enabling an increase in factory-based operations will also decrease construction duration, minimize material waste, and reduce emissions.