Measurement of velocity field and combustion dynamics in a high-pressure aerospace gas turbine combustor using laser and optical diagnostics

拟议的合作研究与开发(CRD)项目是多伦多大学航空航天研究所(UTIAS)实验发动机(E2)实验室、GE航空加拿大公司和GE全球研究中心(GRC)的联合努力，其中将应用先进的基于激光和光学的测量技术来确定下一代航空燃气轮机燃烧室内的流动和热释放动力学。实验将在E2实验室和GE GRC的一个独特的测试设施中进行。这代表了E2实验室开发的测量技术直接应用于在与飞行相关的条件下运行的实际研究燃烧室。 燃气轮机燃烧室很难使用物理上扎根的科学原理进行设计；燃烧室的开发需要大量的启发式知识和大量的测试，即使是进化改进也是如此。这在很大程度上是由于缺乏关于设计选择如何影响速度场、热释放场及其相互作用的实验信息。因此，该实验将产生产生创新燃烧室设计和验证工程计算流体力学(CFD)模拟结果所需的关键数据。此外，该项目将改进测量和后处理技术本身，提高后续研究计划的保真度。 这项研究的主要实际目标是减少航空发动机的排放。要研究的燃烧结构是专门为产生极低的NOx和含碳颗粒物排放而设计的。这些物质是内燃机产生的危害最大的污染物，是绝大多数小于2.5微米的颗粒物(PM2.5)的来源。通过使新型燃烧系统能够大幅减少此类颗粒物，拟议中的研究将显著改善机场附近的空气质量。这种改善将特别有利于大型机场、位于市中心的机场以及位于敏感的北部生态系统的机场。

The proposed Collaborative Research & Development (CRD) project is a joint effort between the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS) Experimental Engines (E2) Laboratory, GE Aviation Canada, and the GE Global Research Center (GRC), in which advanced laser- and optical-based measurement techniques will be applied to determine the flow and heat release dynamics occurring inside of a next-generation aeronautical gas turbine combustor. Experiments will be performed both at the E2 lab and at a unique test facility at GE GRC. This represents the direct application of measurement techniques developed in the E2 Lab to a practical research combustor operating at flight-relevant conditions. Gas turbine combustors are very difficult to design using physically-grounded scientific principles; considerable heuristic knowledge and extensive testing are required in combustor development, even for evolutionary improvements. This largely is due to a lack of experimental information on how design choices affect the velocity field, heat release field, and their interaction. This experiment therefore will produce critical data needed to produce innovative combustor designs and to validate the results of engineering computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Furthermore, the project will generate improvements to the measurement and post-processing techniques themselves, increasing the fidelity of subsequent research programs. The overarching practical goal of this research is to reduce emissions from aviation engines. The combustion architecture to be investigated is specifically designed to produce extremely low NOx and carbonaceous particulate matter emissions. These substances are the most harmful pollutants produced by combustion engines, being responsible for vast majority of sub-2.5 µm particulates (PM2.5). By enabling novel combustion systems that drastically reduce such particulates, the proposed research will significantly improve the air quality in the vicinity of airports. Such improvements will be particularly beneficial to large airports, airports located in city centres, and airports in sensitive northern ecosystems.