Development of predictive simulation tools for wall assembly fire performance

开发墙体组件防火性能预测模拟工具

• 批准号: 481723-2015
• 负责人: Devaud, Cecile
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: University of Waterloo
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Engage Grants Program
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=582049
• 关键词: Development; predictive; simulation; tools; wall

Fire performance of materials and wall systems are critical issues that need to be carefully addressed to minimize losses and property damage in the event of a fire. As a result, building products act as barriers to the spread of fire, resulting in significant increase in valuable time for safe evacuation of occupants and limiting material damage. In addition to thermal insulation capabilities, our next generation wall assembly materials need to show improved fire performance, particularly with respect to their fire resistance rating. This fire performance is determined through full scale fire tests for regulatory purposes. However, only a limited number of large scale tests can be performed due to facility availability and cost. Given the high costs associated with large scale fire tests and scaling issues between small and full scale fire scenarios, well formulated numerical simulation tools have the potential to bridge the gap between the different sources of experimental information and to costeffectively provide reliable predictions of material response to various fire conditions leading to optimization in use of existing products and significantly reduced design costs. The objectives of this project are to investigate the capabilities of current computational tools to model the fire performance of walls, and to develop multi-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) heat transfer calculation methods for building thermal barriers. The computational developments will use recent experimental results from small and large scale tests to modify and refine the original methods, such that the final tools should be suitable for use in design of new wall assemblies. Transient fluid-heat transfer simulations will be performed with increasing levels of physical description to evaluate the thermal performance of insulation materials under different exposure conditions. Ultimately, modeling of room fire spread and full interactions with the wall are envisaged. The development of predictive simulation tools for wall assembly fire performance will allow optimization of wall configurations and reduce costs for the design of wall assemblies using new materials. In the longer term, outcomes of the described research will result in significant market expansion, improved life safety through building construction and new product development, as well as having a driving impact in terms of improved construction practices and future modifications to building code and related regulations.

材料和墙体系统的防火性能是需要认真解决的关键问题，以最大限度地减少火灾时的损失和财产损失。因此，建筑产品起到了阻止火灾蔓延的屏障的作用，从而显着增加了安全疏散居住者的宝贵时间并限制了物质损失。除了隔热功能之外，我们的下一代墙体组装材料还需要表现出改进的防火性能，特别是在耐火等级方面。该防火性能是通过出于监管目的的全面防火测试来确定的。然而，由于设施可用性和成本的原因，只能进行有限数量的大规模测试。考虑到大规模火灾测试的高成本以及小规模和全面火灾场景之间的规模问题，精心设计的数值模拟工具有可能弥合不同来源的实验信息之间的差距，并经济有效地提供材料对各种火灾条件响应的可靠预测，从而优化现有产品的使用并显着降低设计成本。 该项目的目标是研究当前计算工具模拟墙体防火性能的能力，并开发用于建筑热障的多维计算流体动力学（CFD）传热计算方法。计算开发将利用小型和大规​​模测试的最新实验结果来修改和完善原始方法，以便最终工具适合用于新墙组件的设计。将通过不断增加的物理描述水平来进行瞬态流体传热模拟，以评估不同暴露条件下隔热材料的热性能。最终，设想了房间火灾蔓延的建模以及与墙壁的全面相互作用。 墙体组件防火性能预测模拟工具的开发将允许优化墙体配置并降低使用新材料设计墙体组件的成本。从长远来看，上述研究的结果将导致市场的显着扩张，通过建筑施工和新产品开发提高生命安全，并对改进施工实践和未来对建筑规范和相关法规的修改产生推动影响。