Modeling and control of shear flows over and within porous media

多孔介质中的层流和湍流在自然流动和工程应用中非常普遍。主要的例子是：工业横流过滤系统;气体涡轮机叶片和火箭发动机的蒸发冷却;使用壁抽吸来延迟在机翼表面上向湍流的转变;血管、胃肠系统、肾和肺中的流体输送，其中空气、血液和组织之间的质量传递发生在壁处;可渗透海床/河床上的沉积物-水界面;流经断裂的地质构造该提案的动机是需要更深入地了解多孔材料对工程和自然剪切流的影响，以便为创新和可持续的工程应用设计新型多孔材料。事实上，有许多工程应用涉及流体流过或穿过多孔材料，这些应用将受益于对这些流动的更好理解及其优化和控制，例如从地下储层中提取石油，地下水盆地的管理和通过含水层过滤污染物，蒸腾冷却，其中孔隙度用于增强材料的热交换能力，用于从流体中分离固体颗粒的过滤过程。自然界中的例子是流经沉积岩，如砂岩、砾岩和页岩，以及流过海床和河床的水流。多孔介质在许多生物过程中也起着至关重要的作用，这些生物过程涉及许多有机组织（如血管、肺和肾）的壁处的流体和质量传递。设计具有特定性能的多孔材料的能力（例如，孔隙率、渗透率、界面处的动量传递等）可以导致从空气动力学到生物学、从化学到医学的若干领域的新发展。该提案的最终目标是通过智能地操纵流体流动或通过设计新颖的多孔材料或两者来优化和控制多孔材料内和多孔材料上的剪切流。总之，拟议的研究将作出重大贡献的知识进步和多孔材料的流动，并提供了一个很好的机会，培养高素质的人才。这项建议的挑战和新奇保证了拟议研究的每一步的完成都将产生原创性的贡献，这些贡献将发表在该领域最好的期刊上，并在最好的会议上发表，以传播知识。

Laminar and turbulent flows over and within porous media are common in a wide range of natural flows and engineering applications. Main examples are: industrial crossflow filtration systems; transpiration cooling of gas turbine blades and rocket engines; the use of wall suction to delay transition to turbulence over the surface of a wing; fluid transport in blood vessels, the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, and lungs where mass transfer between air, blood, and tissue occurs at the walls; sediment–water interfaces over permeable seabeds/riverbeds; and flow through fractured geological formations, to name a few. This proposal is motivated by the need for a deeper understanding of the effects of porous materials on engineering and natural shear flows in order to design novel porous materials for innovative and sustainable engineering applications. In fact, there are many engineering applications involving fluid flows over or through porous materials that will benefit from a better understanding of these flows and their optimization and control, such as extraction of oil from ground reservoirs, management of water ground basins and filtration of pollutants through aquifers, transpiration cooling, in which the porosity is used to enhance the heat exchange capability of the material, filtration processes used to separate solid particles from fluids. Examples in nature are flows through sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones, conglomerates and shales, and water flows over seabeds and riverbeds. Porous media also play a crucial role in many biological processes involving fluid and mass transfer at the walls of many organic tissues, such as blood vessels, lungs and kidneys. The ability to design porous materials with specific properties (e.g., porosity, permeability, momentum transfer at the interface, etc,) could lead to novel developments in several fields spanning from aerodynamics to biology, from chemistry to medicine. The final goal of this proposal is to optimize and control shear flows within and over porous materials by intelligently manipulating the fluid flow or by designing novel porous materials or both. In conclusion, the proposed research would make a strong contribution to advancement of knowledge on flows within and over porous materials and provide an excellent opportunity for training highly qualified personnel. The challenges and the novelty of this proposal guarantee that the accomplishment of each step of the proposed research would produce original contributions, which will be published in the best journals in the field and presented at the best conferences in order to disseminate knowledge.