Palaeontology of freshwater and marine fishes: Evolution of the modern faunas

淡水和海洋鱼类的古生物学：现代动物群的进化

• 批准号: 327448-2013
• 负责人: Murray, Alison
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=595244
• 关键词: Palaeontology; freshwater; marine; fishes; Evolution

The vast diversity of modern fishes - over 29,000 living species, more than half of all living vertebrates - arose during key periods in the history of the world. What factors, such as environmental conditions or biological characteristics of the animals, might have driven the evolution and adaptive radiation of these lineages are still debated. My lab focusses on the origin, evolution, and biogeography of these fishes, to elucidate the origins and evolution of the modern lineages. Some key lineages arose in marine waters in the Cretaceous, while others arose later in fresh waters. During the Late Cretaceous (~ 90 mya), the arrangement of the continents left a number of shallow seaways that provided ideal marine habitats for fish, while in the Cenozoic, fresh waters underwent major reorganizations with continental rifting and collision of land masses. The Cretaceous marine studies focus on faunas from North America and Morocco, respectively representing the Western Interior Seaway, a large body of water separating eastern and western parts of North America stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean, and the Tethys Sea, roughly separating Africa and Eurasia and often reaching across northern Africa to the Atlantic Ocean separating West Africa from the rest of the continent. Cenozoic freshwater faunas to be studied are those from Africa and Asia; by the Eocene (~ 55-33 mya), the continents were closer to their modern positions, with India isolated but moving north towards Asia, and rifting not yet broadly separating Saudi Arabia from Africa. By the Miocene (~23 mya) Africa was in contact with Europe through the Arabian plate. Projects in my lab concentrate on fossil fishes collected from Cretaceous deposits of Canada and Morocco, Cenozoic deposits of North America, and Eocene and younger deposits of China, Pakistan, Egypt, East Africa, and Indonesia. The goals are to characterize the faunas by describing the new species found, determining the evolutionary relationships of those species, and using the relationships of the fishes to indicate biogeographic relationships among the water bodies from which they came.

现代鱼类的大量多样性 - 超过29,000种生物，一半以上的生物脊椎动物 - 在世界历史上的关键时期出现。仍在争论哪些因素，例如动物的环境条件或动物的生物学特征，可能驱动这些谱系的进化和适应性辐射。我的实验室专注于这些鱼类的起源，进化和生物地理学，以阐明现代谱系的起源和进化。一些关键的谱系出现在白垩纪的海洋水域中，而另一些则是在新鲜水域中出现的。在白垩纪晚期（〜90 mya）期间，大陆的布置留下了许多浅海，这些海道为鱼提供了理想的海洋栖息地，而在新生代，新鲜的水域中进行了重大的重组，并进行了大陆裂口和土地群体的碰撞。白垩纪海洋研究的重点是北美和摩洛哥的动物群，分别代表西部内部海道，大量的水分隔了从墨西哥湾延伸到北极海洋到北极海的东部和西部地区，以及特提斯海，以及特提斯海，在非洲跨越非洲的非洲群体中大致分开的非洲群体，从北部的非洲群体分开来到北部的非洲大洋。可研究的新生代淡水动物群是来自非洲和亚洲的淡水动物。在始新世（〜55-33 Mya）的情况下，各大洲更靠近现代地位，印度孤立但向北移动到亚洲，并且尚未大致将沙特阿拉伯与非洲分开。中新世（〜23 Mya）非洲通过阿拉伯板块与欧洲接触。我的实验室的项目集中于从加拿大和摩洛哥白垩纪矿床，北美的新生代矿床，中国，巴基斯坦，埃及，东非和印度尼西亚收集的化石鱼类。目标是通过描述发现的新物种，确定这些物种的进化关系，并利用鱼类的关系来指示它们来的水体之间的生物地理关系来表征动物区系。