Passive constructed wetlands and small municipal wastewater systems. An approach for meeting national effluent regulations.

加拿大市政当局有多种处理选择来处理和排放废水。其中一种技术是使用被动废物稳定塘(WSP)来处理和抛光废水。这种方法是可用的能源密集度最低的治疗方案之一，可以想象，它有可能是成本最低的。然而，传统的WSP经常存在某些性能问题，这使得它们的性能更加不稳定。为了克服与这些问题相关的担忧，需要进行进一步的研究，以开发能源和成本效益高的WSP处理系统。该项目的研究目标是：(I)对典型的温带气候污水湿地系统的背景物理、化学和生物条件进行广泛的表征；(Ii)设计和创建一个新的自然衰减人工湿地系统，以利用目标I中实现的特定特征的加拿大本土湿地物种来增强现有湿地系统的性能；以及(Iii)在两年时间内实施密集监测计划，以记录和评估联合湿地和人工湿地系统发挥其预期作用以提高污水质量的能力。将要研究的WSP系统表明，安大略省的系统使用的是五大湖衍生的市政供水系统，尽管研究结果预计将直接适用于加拿大各地的司法管辖区。预计该项目将通过为加拿大系统中存在的化学、物理和生物相互作用中的自然衰减提供证据基础，在使用自然被动系统处理和抛光来自WSP环境的废水方面为最先进的技术做出重大贡献。预计它将为许多面临污水处理系统老化或不足的昂贵升级困境的市政当局提供答案和/或指导，同时，预计通过该项目开发的知识可以转移到工业中，以便未来的水处理系统和人工湿地的开发可以遵循一种基于证据的方法，这种方法可以导致有效的处理系统。

Canadian municipalities have a variety of processing options to treat and discharge wastewater. One such technique is the use of passive waste stabilization ponds (WSP) for the treatment and polishing of wastewater. This method is one of the least energy intensive treatment options available and, conceivably, has the potential to be the least costly. However, conventional WSPs often have certain performance issues which have made their performance more variable. In order to overcome concerns associated with these issues, further research is required to develop energy and cost efficient WSP treatment systems can be brought forward. The research objectives of this project are to (I) conduct an extensive characterization of the background physical, chemical and biological conditions found with a typical, temperate-climate sewage WSP system; (II) design and create a new, natural attenuation constructed wetland system to augment the performance of an existing WSP, using native Canadian wetland species which are specific to the characterizations realized in objective I; and (III) undertake an intensive monitoring program over a two year period to document and assess the ability of the combined WSP and constructed wetland system to fulfill its intended role to enhance effluent quality. The WSP system to be studied is indicative of those in Ontario using Great Lakes' derived municipal water systems, although the findings are expected to be either directly applicable to jurisdictions across Canada. This project is expected to make a substantial contribution to the state of the art in using natural passive systems to treat and polish wastewater from a WSP setting by providing the evidence base for natural attenuation within the chemical, physical and biological interplays present in Canadian systems. It is expected to provide answers and/or guidance to many municipalities facing costly upgrade dilemmas for aging or inadequate wastewater WSP systems while at the same time, it is anticipated that the knowledge developed through this project can be transferred to industry so that future WSP and constructed wetland development can follow an evidence-based method, one which leads to effective treatment systems.