High-resolution Holocene climate derived from lacustrine sediment: stable isotope evidence from organic and inorganic proxy material

来自湖泊沉积物的高分辨率全新世气候：来自有机和无机代理材料的稳定同位素证据

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04140
• 负责人: Patterson, William
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612795
• 关键词: resolution; Holocene; climate; derived; lacustrine

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon declared climate change as “the defining challenge of our era…Grave as it may be, today’s financial crisis is a passing storm from which we will recover, we cannot say that about the potential catastrophe of global warming.” This interdisciplinary DG seeks to characterize modern meteorological/isotopic parameters (d18OH2O and dDH2O) of surface waters from western Canada and characterize Holocene climate from lake sediment and molluscan isotope proxy data (d18OCaCO3/d13CCaCO3/d13Corg/d15Norg/ dDcell/d18Ocell). Changes in seasonality of temperature and precipitation recorded by stable isotope proxy data during abrupt climate change intervals that punctuate long-term trends will be derived by micromilling mollusc shells for carbonate d18O and d13C values. There is currently no issue of greater scientific significance and urgency than gaining an understanding of the Earth’s climate system in the modern and through time. It is critical to all aspects of human society, as well as for global and regional ecosystems, that we increase our understanding of both past and contemporary climatic regimes in order that we may better predict, and prepare for future changes in climate. At particular risk are the high latitudes where decreasing sea ice directly affects biota, thermohaline circulation, heat transport, and the radiation balance, as well as human systems. Melting permafrost will generate methane and CO2 that will further warm the atmosphere. Ice roads that supply northern communities and oil/mining infrastructure will operate less frequently, thereby increasing costs as well as risk of accidents and spills in delicate pristine environments. Northern communities face new and ever more daunting challenges as their way of life is further threatened. Migrations will be altered and whole ecosystems may move north and/or disappear. Particularly sensitive to climate change are regions that have agriculture and/or fishing-based economies, large heating energy requirements, and/or marginal water supplies. Because Canada is not isolated from other Northern Hemispheric landmasses and oceans, all must be evaluated together if we are to understand past, present, and future changes in Canada. Our recent research has revealed that moisture transport over Central America is directly related to moisture and heat transport to the North Atlantic, and that the Canadian Arctic is more sensitive to climate change than previously thought. The proposed Discovery Grant research will recreate temperature, moisture cycling, and atmospheric circulation at a variety of time-scales (decadal to subannual) to evaluate teleconnections between locations. We will apply time-series analysis to these proxy data to evaluate climate-change periodicity in the past as a function of location to better predict regional responses to anthropogenic forcing in the future.

联合国秘书长潘基文宣称气候变化是“我们时代的决定性挑战……尽管今天的金融危机可能很严重，但我们终将从中恢复过来，但我们不能这样说全球变暖的潜在灾难。”该跨学科总干事旨在描述加拿大西部地表水的现代气象/同位素参数（d18OH2O 和 dDH2O），并根据湖泊沉积物和软体动物同位素代理数据（d18OCaCO3/d13CCaCO3/d13Corg/d15Norg/dDcell/d18Ocell）描述全新世气候。在突然的气候变化间隔期间，通过稳定同位素代理数据记录的温度和降水的季节性变化（强调长期趋势）将通过微研磨软体动物壳的碳酸盐 d18O 和 d13C 值来得出。目前，没有什么问题比了解现代和历史上的地球气候系统更具科学意义和紧迫性了。对于人类社会的各个方面以及全球和区域生态系统来说，至关重要的是，我们必须增加对过去和当代气候状况的了解，以便我们更好地预测未来的气候变化并为其做好准备。 特别危险的是高纬度地区，海冰减少直接影响生物群、温盐环流、热传输、辐射平衡以及人类系统。永久冻土融化会产生甲烷和二氧化碳，进一步使大气变暖。为北部社区和石油/采矿基础设施提供服务的冰路将减少运营频率，从而增加成本以及在脆弱的原始环境中发生事故和泄漏的风险。随着生活方式进一步受到威胁，北方社区面临着新的、更加严峻的挑战。迁徙将会改变，整个生态系统可能会向北移动和/或消失。对气候变化特别敏感的是那些以农业和/或渔业为基础的经济、大量供热能源需求和/或边际供水的地区。 由于加拿大并非与北半球其他陆地和海洋隔绝，因此如果我们要了解加拿大过去、现在和未来的变化，就必须对所有这些陆地和海洋进行综合评估。我们最近的研究表明，中美洲的水汽输送与向北大西洋的水汽和热量输送直接相关，而且加拿大北极地区对气候变化的敏感度比之前认为的要高。拟议的发现资助研究将在不同的时间尺度（十年到亚年）重建温度、湿度循环和大气环流，以评估地点之间的遥相关。我们将对这些代理数据应用时间序列分析，以评估过去的气候变化周期性作为位置的函数，以便更好地预测未来对人为强迫的区域反应。