High-resolution Holocene climate derived from lacustrine sediment: stable isotope evidence from organic and inorganic proxy material

来自湖泊沉积物的高分辨率全新世气候：来自有机和无机代理材料的稳定同位素证据

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04140
• 负责人: Patterson, William
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612795
• 关键词: resolution; Holocene; climate; derived; lacustrine

UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon declared climate change as “the defining challenge of our era…Grave as it may be, today’s financial crisis is a passing storm from which we will recover, we cannot say that about the potential catastrophe of global warming.” This interdisciplinary DG seeks to characterize modern meteorological/isotopic parameters (d18OH2O and dDH2O) of surface waters from western Canada and characterize Holocene climate from lake sediment and molluscan isotope proxy data (d18OCaCO3/d13CCaCO3/d13Corg/d15Norg/ dDcell/d18Ocell). Changes in seasonality of temperature and precipitation recorded by stable isotope proxy data during abrupt climate change intervals that punctuate long-term trends will be derived by micromilling mollusc shells for carbonate d18O and d13C values. There is currently no issue of greater scientific significance and urgency than gaining an understanding of the Earth’s climate system in the modern and through time. It is critical to all aspects of human society, as well as for global and regional ecosystems, that we increase our understanding of both past and contemporary climatic regimes in order that we may better predict, and prepare for future changes in climate. At particular risk are the high latitudes where decreasing sea ice directly affects biota, thermohaline circulation, heat transport, and the radiation balance, as well as human systems. Melting permafrost will generate methane and CO2 that will further warm the atmosphere. Ice roads that supply northern communities and oil/mining infrastructure will operate less frequently, thereby increasing costs as well as risk of accidents and spills in delicate pristine environments. Northern communities face new and ever more daunting challenges as their way of life is further threatened. Migrations will be altered and whole ecosystems may move north and/or disappear. Particularly sensitive to climate change are regions that have agriculture and/or fishing-based economies, large heating energy requirements, and/or marginal water supplies. Because Canada is not isolated from other Northern Hemispheric landmasses and oceans, all must be evaluated together if we are to understand past, present, and future changes in Canada. Our recent research has revealed that moisture transport over Central America is directly related to moisture and heat transport to the North Atlantic, and that the Canadian Arctic is more sensitive to climate change than previously thought. The proposed Discovery Grant research will recreate temperature, moisture cycling, and atmospheric circulation at a variety of time-scales (decadal to subannual) to evaluate teleconnections between locations. We will apply time-series analysis to these proxy data to evaluate climate-change periodicity in the past as a function of location to better predict regional responses to anthropogenic forcing in the future.

联合国秘书长潘基文宣称气候变化是“我们这个时代的决定性挑战”…尽管可能很严重，但今天的金融危机是一场短暂的风暴，我们将从这场风暴中恢复过来，但我们不能这样说全球变暖的潜在灾难。这一跨学科的DG试图表征加拿大西部地表水的现代气象/同位素参数(d18OH2O和dDH2O)，并根据湖泊沉积物和软体动物的同位素替代数据(d18OCaCO3/d13CCaCO3/d13Corg/d15Norg/dDcell/d18Ocell)表征全新世气候。在突如其来的气候变化间隔期间，通过稳定的同位素替代数据记录的温度和降水的季节性变化，将通过微磨软体贝壳的碳酸盐d18O和d13C值来得出。目前，没有比了解地球在现代和长期的气候系统更具有科学意义和紧迫性的问题了。对人类社会的各个方面以及全球和区域生态系统来说，我们必须增进对过去和现在的气候制度的了解，以便更好地预测未来的气候变化并为之做好准备。 特别危险的是高纬度地区，那里海冰的减少直接影响生物群、温盐循环、热量输送、辐射平衡以及人类系统。融化的永久冻土层将产生甲烷和二氧化碳，这将使大气进一步变暖。供应北部社区和石油/采矿基础设施的冰路将不那么频繁地运行，从而增加了成本以及在微妙的原始环境中发生事故和泄漏的风险。随着北部社区的生活方式受到进一步威胁，他们面临着新的、越来越令人生畏的挑战。迁徙将被改变，整个生态系统可能向北迁移和/或消失。对气候变化特别敏感的是拥有以农业和/或渔业为基础的经济、大量供暖能源需求和/或边际供水的区域。 因为加拿大并不孤立于其他北半球大陆和海洋，如果我们要了解加拿大过去、现在和未来的变化，就必须对所有这些都进行评估。我们最近的研究表明，中美洲的水汽输送与北大西洋的水汽和热量输送直接相关，加拿大北极地区对气候变化比之前认为的更敏感。拟议的探索基金研究将在不同的时间尺度(十年到亚年度)重建温度、水分循环和大气环流，以评估地点之间的遥相关。我们将对这些替代数据进行时间序列分析，以评估过去气候变化的周期性作为位置的函数，以更好地预测未来区域对人为强迫的反应。