Brain mechanisms of auditory-motor integration and learning

听觉运动整合和学习的大脑机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04225
• 负责人: Penhune, Virginia
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Concordia University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=612839
• 关键词: Brain; mechanisms; auditory; motor; integration

The brain networks for visual-motor integration are well studied, producing the dorsal stream model of vision for action in which information from visual areas is transformed in parietal cortex, and fed to premotor regions to plan a motor response. Researchers are now exploring the neural mechanisms linking auditory perception and motor response, particularly for music and speech. It is proposed that specific pathways in the dorsal stream link auditory information and motor plans, underwriting the feed-forward and feedback control required for speaking or playing an instrument.    We have shown that even for people with no training, motor regions – including the premotor cortex (PMC) and basal ganglia (BG) – are active when listening to music. We also know that simply listening to melodies that are congruent with a motor sequence can facilitate learning. These findings suggest that there are intrinsic interactions between the auditory and motor systems. Further, we have shown that parietal regions known to compute visual-motor transformations are engaged when learning new melodies. Finally, there is evidence that different regions of the BG are important for prediction and pleasure for musical rhythm. The goal of the proposed research is to test the contributions of auditory, motor and striatal regions – and their interactions – to auditory-motor integration in the context of learning. Aim 1: fMRI and TMS will be used to assess the contributions of auditory and motor regions to motor learning with purely auditory training. We hypothesize that melody learning will lead to enhanced performance of a congruent motor sequence and greater coupling of activity in auditory, PMC and parietal regions. TMS will test the role of PMC in acquiring the auditory-motor associations thought to underlie transfer from auditory to motor learning. Aim 2: fMRI will be used to investigate how skilled and novice musicians use auditory and motor information to learn new melodies. We hypothesize that when musicians learn they first engage PMC and cerebellar feed-forward mechanisms to improve accuracy, and later engage auditory and parietal based feedback mechanisms to fine-tune performance. In contrast, new learners rely more on motor information and feedback control. Aim 3: Behavioral and fMRI experiments will test the role of the PMC and specific BG in temporal prediction and reward processing in the context of musical rhythm. We hypothesize that PMC is important for extracting temporal regularity and that the putamen is engaged in prediction once a regular pattern is identified. Further, we hypothesize that the dorsal part of the ventral striatum is involved in pleasure and reward for musical beat. This work will generate important new information about the brain mechanisms underlying the integration of sound and movement, and will provide a critical test of dorsal stream theories of auditory-motor integration based on vision.

视觉-运动整合的大脑网络得到了很好的研究，产生了视觉行动的背流模型，其中来自视觉区域的信息在顶叶皮层中被转换，并被馈送到运动前区以计划运动反应。研究人员现在正在探索听觉感知和运动反应之间的神经机制，特别是音乐和语音。有人建议，在背流链接听觉信息和运动计划，承保的前馈和反馈控制说话或演奏乐器所需的具体途径。 我们已经证明，即使是没有接受过训练的人，运动区域-包括运动前皮层（PMC）和基底神经节（BG）-在听音乐时也是活跃的。我们还知道，只要听与运动序列一致的旋律就能促进学习。这些发现表明，听觉和运动系统之间存在内在的相互作用。此外，我们已经表明，顶叶区域已知的计算视觉运动转换时，参与学习新的旋律。最后，有证据表明，BG的不同区域对音乐节奏的预测和愉悦都很重要。 这项研究的目的是测试听觉、运动和纹状体区域的贡献以及它们之间的相互作用对学习背景下大脑-运动整合的影响。 目的1：利用功能磁共振成像和经颅磁刺激技术，研究听觉和运动脑区在单纯听觉训练条件下对运动学习的作用。我们假设，旋律学习将导致增强性能的一致的运动序列和更大的耦合活动的听觉，PMC和顶叶区域。TMS将测试PMC在获得听觉-运动关联中的作用，这些关联被认为是从听觉到运动学习的转移的基础。 目的2：功能磁共振成像将被用来调查如何熟练和新手音乐家使用听觉和运动信息，以学习新的旋律。我们假设，当音乐家学习，他们首先从事PMC和小脑前馈机制，以提高准确性，后来从事听觉和顶叶为基础的反馈机制，微调性能。相比之下，新学习者更依赖于运动信息和反馈控制。 目标三：行为和fMRI实验将测试PMC和特定BG在音乐节奏背景下的时间预测和奖励处理中的作用。我们假设PMC是重要的提取时间规律性和参与预测一旦确定一个有规律的模式，壳核。此外，我们假设腹侧纹状体的背侧部分参与了对音乐节拍的愉悦和奖励。 这项工作将产生重要的新信息的大脑机制的整合的声音和运动，并将提供一个关键的测试背流理论的视觉基础上的运动整合。