Avian phenotypic transitions; acting constraints, mechanisms and consequences

禽类表型转变；

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-05244
• 负责人: Vézina, François
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=613436
• 关键词: Avian; phenotypic; transitions; acting; constraints

The long-term objectives of this program are to decipher the mechanisms that limit phenotypic flexibility in birds facing high energy demands and to determine the consequences of these limits on fitness. Over the next five years, we will focus on phenotypic transitions associated with wintering in cold climates, migration and reproduction. These life-history stages involve energy demands among the highest known in vertebrates and, in birds, are considered energy bottlenecks affecting body composition and physiological condition. More precisely, we will (1) determine the rate and amplitude of metabolic flexibility in response to rapid changes in ambient temperature and measure the physiological consequences of phenotypes mismatched to temperature variations This first project will be conducted at the UQAR avian facility by exposing three models species (black-capped chickadees, Poecile atricapillus, snow buntings, Plectrophenax nivalis, white throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis) to two thermal gradients and by tracking individual changes in metabolic performance and physiological condition over time. We will also (2) examine how metabolic performance influences individual fitness. This will be done at the Macpès research forest where we work with free-living chickadees since 2009. Winter metabolic performance, individual flexibility, physiological condition and aging rate will be related to both survival and reproductive success. Using snow buntings as our model, we will also (3) determine the effects of phenotypic transitions on metabolic performance of these Arctic migrants and investigate how conflicting demands for breeding and thermoregulation in the High-Arctic (Alert, Nunavut) shape phenotypes during the transition from migration to breeding. This will involve repeated measurements in outdoor captive birds throughout winter as well as measures on free-living birds during premigratory fattening and during the period from their arrival on the breeding ground to the end of breeding. This program provides an integrated comprehension of the interplay between ecological and physiological constraints that shape adaptive phenotypic flexibility. On the long term, our research will shed light on the limits of avian phenotypic flexibility in contrasting conditions and will help identify natural constraints in which these limits may be reached.

该计划的长期目标是破译的机制，限制鸟类面临高能量需求的表型灵活性，并确定这些限制健身的后果。在接下来的五年里，我们将专注于与寒冷气候中越冬，迁移和繁殖相关的表型转变。这些生命史阶段涉及脊椎动物中已知最高的能量需求，在鸟类中，被认为是影响身体组成和生理状况的能量瓶颈。更准确地说，我们将（1）确定代谢灵活性的速率和幅度，以响应环境温度的快速变化，并测量与温度变化不匹配的表型的生理后果。（黑顶山雀、黑冠雀、雪颊雀、雪棘雀、白色喉雀、通过跟踪个体代谢性能和生理状况随时间的变化，对两种温度梯度下的白颈带毛菌（Zonotrichia albicollis）进行了研究。我们还将（2）研究代谢表现如何影响个体健康。这将在Macpès研究森林进行，自2009年以来，我们一直在与自由生活的山雀合作。冬季代谢性能、个体灵活性、生理状况和衰老速度将与生存和繁殖成功相关。使用雪彩旗作为我们的模型，我们还将（3）确定表型转换对这些北极移民的代谢性能的影响，并研究如何在高北极（警报，努纳武特）的繁殖和温度调节的冲突需求形状表型从迁移到繁殖的过渡。这将涉及整个冬季在室外圈养鸟类中的重复测量，以及在迁徙前育肥期间和从到达繁殖地到繁殖结束期间对自由生活鸟类的测量。该计划提供了一个生态和生理限制，形状适应性表型的灵活性之间的相互作用的综合理解。从长远来看，我们的研究将揭示在对比条件下鸟类表型灵活性的限制，并将有助于确定可能达到这些限制的自然约束。