Antenna Analysis, Design and Measurement Techniques

天线分析、设计和测量技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04626
• 负责人: McNamara, Derek
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=615193
• 关键词: Antenna; Analysis; Design; Measurement; Techniques

The Canadian wireless industry continues to be innovative at both the system and equipment level. Wireless communications pervades everything, and if anything is wireless (as opposed to wired) antennas are required. The objective of my proposed research is the use of electromagnetic principles for developing tools for the analysis, design and measurement of improved antennas for the many emerging wireless applications. A theme running through the proposal is that of letting the electromagnetics directly guide us as to the antenna element shapes needed to achieve the performance we desire. Except for those on base-stations, wireless antennas must have broad radiation patterns (low directivity) because of the propagation issues extant in wireless networks. They must fit in the crammed environment of portable devices and so can be difficult to design. This difficulty is increased for the cognitive radio and multiple-input/multiple-output capabilities to be used in future systems to overcome spectrum scarcity, since these antennas will need to be multiband, with several closely-spaced antennas on a single mobile device. New configurations and design methods are needed. We have previously developed a unique class of shape synthesis technique that can be used for the design of single-band varieties of such next-generation antennas, which uses as a starting shape the "leftover space" in a portable wireless device. The goal of one part of the research proposal is to extend the approach to multiband antennas, and configurations of two or more very closely-spaced antennas. Fifth-generation wireless systems will use smaller cells that utilize millimetrewave bands (28 GHz to 90 GHz for cellular mobile services) due to bandwidth demand, with the high propagation losses at these frequencies exploited to keep cells from interfering with each other. High-directivity antennas, some needing switchable beams, will be needed. To satisfy aggressive cost constraints the antennas must use printed technology. At millimetrewave frequencies the losses in the beamforming networks of conventional printed arrays are a limiting factor. Transmitarray and planar holographic antennas use printed technology but dispense with the beamforming networks. I will advance my research on transmitarrays by using the shaped fragmented element approach (which we have successfully used in reflectarray work) to design multifocal transmitarrays (enabling switched beams) and multiband transmitarrays (operating at widely separated multiple frequencies). Planar holographic antennas can be made truly low profile (important in commercial applications), with the feed integrated onto the substrates supporting the hologram, but have suffered from low aperture efficiencies. We will use the extended electromagnetic modelling abilities we have developed to synthesize feeding arrangements to improve this aperture efficiency.

加拿大无线行业在系统和设备层面上都不断创新。无线通信无处不在，如果有任何东西是无线的（与有线相反），天线是必需的。我提出的研究的目标是使用电磁原理开发工具，用于分析，设计和测量许多新兴的无线应用的改进天线。贯穿该提案的主题是让电磁学直接指导我们实现我们期望的性能所需的天线元件形状。 除了那些在基站上，无线天线必须有广泛的辐射模式（低方向性），因为在无线网络中存在的传播问题。它们必须适合便携式设备的拥挤环境，因此很难设计。对于将在未来系统中使用以克服频谱稀缺的认知无线电和多输入/多输出能力，增加了这种困难，因为这些天线将需要是多频带的，在单个移动终端上具有几个紧密间隔的天线。需要新的配置和设计方法。我们以前已经开发了一类独特的形状合成技术，可用于设计的单波段品种的这种下一代天线，它使用作为一个起始形状的“剩余空间”在便携式无线设备。研究提案的一部分的目标是将该方法扩展到多频带天线，以及两个或更多个非常紧密间隔的天线的配置。 由于带宽需求，第五代无线系统将使用利用毫米波频带（对于蜂窝移动的服务为28 GHz至90 GHz）的较小小区，利用这些频率处的高传播损耗来防止小区彼此干扰。将需要高方向性天线，其中一些需要可切换波束。为了满足严格的成本限制，天线必须使用印刷技术。在毫米波频率下，传统印刷阵列的波束形成网络中的损耗是一个限制因素。发射阵列和平面全息天线使用印刷技术，但省去了波束形成网络。我将推进我的研究，通过使用成型的碎片元素的方法（我们已经成功地使用在反射阵列工作），设计多焦点transmartarrays（使切换光束）和多波段transmartarrays（在广泛分离的多个频率操作）。平面全息天线可以制作成真正的低轮廓（在商业应用中很重要），其馈源集成到支持全息图的基板上，但是受到低孔径效率的影响。我们将使用扩展的电磁建模能力，我们已经开发出合成馈电安排，以提高这一孔径效率。