Antenna analysis, design and measurement techniques

天线分析、设计和测量技术

• 批准号: 238927-2011
• 负责人: McNamara, Derek
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=570526
• 关键词: Antenna; analysis; design; measurement; techniques

Antennas are required in everything that involves wireless communications and are key to the quality of any wireless link. The move is towards the provision of diverse services that require higher data rates and hence wireless channels with larger bandwidth. This demand for bandwidth is leading to saturation of the available frequency spectrum. So multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) and/or cognitive radio techniques are being studied as ways to improve capacity in future wireless networks through improved utilization of the electromagnetic spectrum. All these developments require antennas with greatly improved functionality. It is estimated that in the future mobile terminals will need to have more than twenty antennas. Yet the desire for sleeker wireless handsets with larger screens and batteries has meant that there is less space for the antennas. So antenna design methods cannot be cut-and-try. Whereas antennas for mobile handsets have wide beams, those for wireless base-stations, automotive radar, imaging systems, and satellite communications need narrow beams. In order to achieve their required performance and yet be inexpensive, such antennas must use printed circuit technology. One way to handle increased data rates is to use higher operating frequencies, but at these so-called millimetrewave frequencies conventional narrow-beam (or stated equivalently, high gain) antennas made using printed technology become inefficient. It is not feasible to simply scale antennas already in use at much lower frequencies. Alternative configurations must be sought. These alternatives, such as printed lens antennas, reflectarray antennas and holographic antennas are potential solutions to the problem, but have issues that need to be resolved. In some cases the only solution to the demand for a single antenna to handle many different tasks is for it to be reconfigurable. For example, if its operating frequency can be altered electronically it can be used for more than one application (on the same device) as needed. Or it could be that an antenna is able to alter its beam shape or direction. This proposal is concerned with the development of new antenna configurations capable of satisfying the above tougher requirements and constraints.

在涉及无线通信的所有领域中，都需要LNA，并且它是任何无线链路质量的关键。此举是为了提供需要更高数据速率的各种服务，因此需要具有更大带宽的无线信道。这种对带宽的需求导致了可用频谱的饱和。因此，正在研究多输入/多输出（MIMO）和/或认知无线电技术，作为通过改善电磁频谱的利用来提高未来无线网络中的容量的方式。所有这些发展都要求天线具有大大改进的功能。据估计，未来移动的终端将需要具有二十个以上的天线。然而，对更时尚、更大屏幕和电池的无线手机的需求意味着天线的空间更小。因此，天线设计方法不能切和尝试。用于移动的手机的天线具有宽波束，而用于无线基站、汽车雷达、成像系统和卫星通信的天线需要窄波束。为了实现它们所需的性能并且还便宜，这样的天线必须使用印刷电路技术。处理增加的数据速率的一种方法是使用更高的工作频率，但是在这些所谓的毫米波频率下，使用印刷技术制造的传统窄波束（或等效地说，高增益）天线变得低效。在低得多的频率下简单地缩放已经使用的天线是不可行的。必须寻求替代配置。这些替代方案，例如印刷透镜天线、反射阵列天线和全息天线是该问题的潜在解决方案，但是具有需要解决的问题。在某些情况下，对单个天线处理许多不同任务的需求的唯一解决方案是使其可重新配置。例如，如果它的工作频率可以通过电子方式改变，它可以根据需要用于多个应用（在同一设备上）。或者，天线能够改变其波束形状或方向。本提案涉及能够满足上述更严格的要求和约束的新天线配置的开发。