Antenna Analysis, Design and Measurement Techniques

加拿大无线行业在系统和设备层面继续创新，为加拿大人提供基本服务，并雇用了数千名员工。无线通信无处不在，如果有什么东西是无线的（而不是有线的），就需要天线。本研究的目的是为许多新兴的无线应用提供分析、设计和测量改进天线的工具。贯穿该提案的一个主题是，让电磁直接指导我们实现所需性能的天线形状。换句话说，形状合成在天线设计中的应用。无线应用中需要的一种天线类型必须适合便携式设备（如手持电话和传感器，通常称为平台）的拥挤环境，因此设计难度越来越大。在一个平台上可能需要几个天线，每个天线的性能都受到其他天线和平台的影响。以手机为例，这种天线现在需要能被电子控制的波束。分配给特定天线的空间可能使传统设计无法使用。新的形状合成方法将促进这种设计。正在开发的无线系统将使用更小的小区（系统基站与用户通信的区域），这些小区将利用毫米波频段，由于无止境的容量需求，未来将高达90千兆赫。这些频率上的高传播损耗将被用来防止细胞间的相互干扰。但这意味着另一类天线，即高指向性天线（窄波束），也需要作为系统的一部分。为了满足严格的成本限制，天线必须使用打印（包括3D）技术。在毫米波频率下，传统高指向性印刷阵列的波束形成电路中的信号损耗是一个限制因素。形状合成提供了合成替代高指向性的导电和介电天线的希望，降低了损耗，具有理想的物理低轮廓。提出的研究将通过显着扩展我们现有形状合成的应用范围来推进我们在天线形状合成方面的工作。我们将通过实施和开发我们最近设计的全新的“减/加形状合成”方法来实现这一目标；它可以克服当前形状合成方法所遇到的许多障碍和局限性。我们还将在这个新过程中注入更多的计算智能，以及我们现有的成形算法，以提高执行这种形状合成的计算速度。在无线工程实践中，如果形状综合要成为一种广泛使用的设计途径，作为更传统的设计方法的补充，这是必不可少的。

The Canadian wireless industry continues to be innovative at both the system and equipment level, provides essential services to Canadians, and employs thousands. Wireless communications pervades everything, and if anything is wireless (as opposed to wired) antennas are required. The objective of the proposed research is to advance the tools for the analysis, design and measurement of improved antennas for the many emerging wireless applications. A theme running through the proposal is that of letting the electromagnetics directly guide us as to the shape of the antennas needed to achieve the performance we desire. In other words, the use of shape synthesis in antenna design. One antenna type needed in wireless applications is that which must fit in the crammed environment of portable devices (such as handheld phones and sensors, generically referred to as platforms) and so has been increasingly difficult to design. Several antennas may be needed on a single platform, each of whose performance is influenced by the others and the platform. In the case of phones, such antennas now need beams that can be electronically steered. The space allotted to a particular antenna may prevent conventional designs from being used. New shape synthesis methods will facilitate such designs. Wireless systems under development will use smaller cells (zones in which the system base-station communicates with a user) that utilize millimetre-wave bands, as high as 90 GHz in the future, due to insatiable capacity demands. The high propagation losses at these frequencies will be exploited to keep cells from interfering with each other. But this means that another class of antenna, namely higher directivity antennas (narrow beams), are also needed as part of the system. To satisfy aggressive cost constraints the antennas must use printed (including 3D) technology. At millimetre-wave frequencies the signal losses in the beamforming circuits of conventional high directivity printed arrays are a limiting factor. Shape synthesis offers the promise of synthesizing alternative higher directivity conducting and dielectric antennas with decreased losses, with desirable physically low profiles. The proposed research will advance our work on antenna shape synthesis by significantly extending the range of applications to which our existing shape synthesis can be applied. We will achieve this by implementing and developing the completely new "subtractive/additive shape synthesis" approach we have recently devised; it can overcome many of the obstacles and limitations experienced by current shape synthesis methods. We will also infuse more computational intelligence into this new process, and our existing shaping algorithms, to increase the computational speed at which such shape synthesis can be performed. This is essential if shape synthesis is to become a well-used design pathway that is complementary to more conventional design methods in wireless engineering practice.