Antenna Analysis, Design and Measurement Techniques

天线分析、设计和测量技术

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04626
• 负责人: McNamara, Derek
• 金额: $ 2.99万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=709406
• 关键词: Antenna; Analysis; Design; Measurement; Techniques

The Canadian wireless industry continues to be innovative at both the system and equipment level. Wireless communications pervades everything, and if anything is wireless (as opposed to wired) antennas are required. The objective of my proposed research is the use of electromagnetic principles for developing tools for the analysis, design and measurement of improved antennas for the many emerging wireless applications. A theme running through the proposal is that of letting the electromagnetics directly guide us as to the antenna element shapes needed to achieve the performance we desire. Except for those on base-stations, wireless antennas must have broad radiation patterns (low directivity) because of the propagation issues extant in wireless networks. They must fit in the crammed environment of portable devices and so can be difficult to design. This difficulty is increased for the cognitive radio and multiple-input/multiple-output capabilities to be used in future systems to overcome spectrum scarcity, since these antennas will need to be multiband, with several closely-spaced antennas on a single mobile device. New configurations and design methods are needed. We have previously developed a unique class of shape synthesis technique that can be used for the design of single-band varieties of such next-generation antennas, which uses as a starting shape the "leftover space" in a portable wireless device. The goal of one part of the research proposal is to extend the approach to multiband antennas, and configurations of two or more very closely-spaced antennas. Fifth-generation wireless systems will use smaller cells that utilize millimetrewave bands (28 GHz to 90 GHz for cellular mobile services) due to bandwidth demand, with the high propagation losses at these frequencies exploited to keep cells from interfering with each other. High-directivity antennas, some needing switchable beams, will be needed. To satisfy aggressive cost constraints the antennas must use printed technology. At millimetrewave frequencies the losses in the beamforming networks of conventional printed arrays are a limiting factor. Transmitarray and planar holographic antennas use printed technology but dispense with the beamforming networks. I will advance my research on transmitarrays by using the shaped fragmented element approach (which we have successfully used in reflectarray work) to design multifocal transmitarrays (enabling switched beams) and multiband transmitarrays (operating at widely separated multiple frequencies). Planar holographic antennas can be made truly low profile (important in commercial applications), with the feed integrated onto the substrates supporting the hologram, but have suffered from low aperture efficiencies. We will use the extended electromagnetic modelling abilities we have developed to synthesize feeding arrangements to improve this aperture efficiency.

加拿大无线产业继续在系统和设备层面进行创新。无线通信无处不在，如果有任何东西是无线的(而不是有线的)，就需要天线。我提出的研究的目标是利用电磁原理开发工具，为许多新兴的无线应用改进天线的分析、设计和测量。贯穿整个提案的一个主题是让电磁学直接指导我们实现我们所希望的性能所需的天线单元形状。 除了基站上的天线外，由于无线网络中存在的传播问题，无线天线必须具有宽的辐射方向图(低方向性)。它们必须适应便携式设备拥挤的环境，因此很难设计。认知无线电和多输入/多输出能力将在未来的系统中用于克服频谱稀缺，这增加了这一难度，因为这些天线将需要是多频段的，在单个移动设备上具有多个紧密间隔的天线。需要新的配置和设计方法。我们之前已经开发了一种独特的形状合成技术，可以用于设计这种单频类型的下一代天线，它使用便携式无线设备中的“剩余空间”作为初始形状。研究提案的一个部分的目标是将该方法扩展到多频天线，以及两个或更多非常接近间隔的天线的配置。 第五代无线系统将使用更小的小区，由于带宽需求，这些小区使用毫米波频段(用于蜂窝移动服务的28 GHz至90 GHz)，利用这些频率的高传播损耗来防止小区相互干扰。将需要高方向性天线，其中一些需要可切换波束。为了满足激进的成本限制，天线必须使用印刷技术。在毫米波频率下，传统印刷阵列的波束形成网络中的损耗是一个限制因素。传输阵列和平面全息天线使用印刷技术，但省去了波束形成网络。我将通过使用形状碎片单元方法(我们已经在Reflectarray工作中成功地使用该方法)来设计多焦点发射阵列(实现波束切换)和多波段发射阵列(工作在远隔多个频率)来推进我对发射阵列的研究。平面全息天线可以制造出真正的低调(在商业应用中很重要)，馈电集成到支撑全息图的基板上，但存在孔径效率低的问题。我们将使用我们开发的扩展电磁建模能力来合成馈电布置，以提高该孔径效率。