Drones for enabling computational environmental flow dynamics studies

用于实现计算环境流动动力学研究的无人机

• 批准号: RTI-2017-00521
• 负责人: Bitsuamlak, Girma
• 金额: $ 10.25万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2016-01-01 至 2017-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=616696
• 关键词: Drones; enabling; computational; environmental; flow

Embracing sustainability and maintaining resiliency of Canada’s built environment against natural hazards is necessary to sustain the wellbeing and prosperity of our communities. Sustainable building design in Canada, the second largest country in the world with diverse geography characterized by climate extremes, mostly revolves around energy efficiency and resiliency (i.e. ability to withstand the climate loads and re-bounce quickly after climate induced interruptions). Buildings in Canada consume 30% of the total energy and 50% of the electricity on an annual basis. Through optimal resilient and sustainable design, however, there is an opportunity to reduce a building’s energy consumption by as high as 80%. Sustainable design entails consideration and integration of climate responsiveness and resiliency. Therefore, a clear understanding and realistic modelling of the complex interaction between the climate and the built-environment is a prerequisite. This necessitates unprecedented urban climate modeling (wind speed, pressure, humidity, temperature, etc.) at high temporal and spatial resolution. Transient climate parameters are required at a particular building location, ventilation inlet, window/door opening or at street level over a long duration. One of the major challenges in realistic and pragmatic numerical urban micro-climate modeling for wind engineering, environmental and building energy simulation application is the complexity of the geometry (topology) and the variability of surface types involved in urban exposures. Each building form and surface classification is individually and manually entered into a CAD model through on-site-observations and publicly available information, which are often very time consuming and less precise. Accurate site and building specific information are required to assess climate loads such as wind, for example, during structural or natural ventilation design or for building energy simulation. The main objective of this project is to develop an automated site specific 3D urban modeling useful for urban climate studies. For this purpose, various remote sensors installed on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) will be used to collect topology and surface data. Accurate urban climate modeling and their automation through UAV mounted remote sensing is expected to transform the state-of-the-art in sustainable and resilient building design. The requested UAV system will also aid in structural health monitoring, damage detection of buildings and bridges without any destructive testing or interruption of functionality. It can be further used for environmental disaster monitoring applications such as post-damage assessment during extreme events such tornado touchdowns, hurricane landfalls or urban flooding. Furthermore, the system can be adapted for optimizing solar photovoltaic deployment in urban areas.

拥抱可持续性和保持加拿大建筑环境抵御自然灾害的弹性，是维持我们社区福祉和繁荣的必要条件。加拿大是世界上第二大国家，地理位置多样，气候极端，可持续建筑设计主要围绕能源效率和弹性（即承受气候负荷并在气候引起的中断后迅速恢复的能力）。加拿大的建筑每年消耗30%的能源和50%的电力。然而，通过最佳的弹性和可持续设计，有机会将建筑物的能耗降低高达80%。可持续设计需要考虑和整合气候响应能力和复原力。因此，对气候和建筑环境之间复杂的相互作用有一个清楚的理解和现实的建模是一个先决条件。这需要前所未有的城市气候建模（风速，压力，湿度，温度等）。高时间和空间分辨率。在特定的建筑位置、通风入口、窗/门开启或街道高度，需要长时间的瞬态气候参数。风工程、环境和建筑能源模拟应用中现实和实用的城市微气候数值模拟的主要挑战之一是城市暴露中涉及的几何形状（拓扑结构）的复杂性和表面类型的可变性。每个建筑形式和表面分类都是通过现场观察和公开可用的信息单独手动输入到CAD模型中的，这通常非常耗时且不精确。在结构或自然通风设计或建筑能耗模拟过程中，需要准确的场地和建筑特定信息来评估风等气候负荷。该项目的主要目标是开发一个自动化的网站特定的三维城市建模有用的城市气候研究。为此，将使用安装在无人机（UAV）上的各种遥感器来收集拓扑和表面数据。通过无人机安装的遥感进行准确的城市气候建模及其自动化，预计将改变可持续和弹性建筑设计的最新技术。所需的无人机系统还将有助于结构健康监测、建筑物和桥梁的损坏检测，而无需任何破坏性测试或功能中断。它还可以进一步用于环境灾害监测应用，例如在龙卷风着陆、飓风登陆或城市洪水等极端事件期间的破坏后评估。此外，该系统可以适用于优化城市地区的太阳能光伏部署。