Responses of sea lice to novel parasiticides and their differing modes of action

海虱对新型杀虫剂的反应及其不同的作用方式

• 批准号: 499789-2016
• 负责人: Fast, Mark
• 金额: $ 7.94万
• 依托单位: University of Prince Edward Island
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=619159
• 关键词: Responses; sea; lice; novel; parasiticides

Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Copepoda: Caligidae), are important ectoparasites both ecologically and economically. Sea lice cause multi-million dollar losses to the marine salmon aquaculture industry each year, and can negatively impact wild stocks of salmonids as well. Over the past two decades perhaps the greatest emerging issue with respect to sea lice has been the development of resistance to chemical treatment. All of the major salmon producing countries (i.e. Norway, Scotland, Chile, Canada, etc.) have observed declines in efficacy of anti-parasitic treatments, and development of resistant strains of lice. Within Eastern Canada, the major impact has been observed in reduced efficacy of emamectin benzoate (Jones et al, 2012), and recently our research group has identified louse gene clusters associated with reduced efficacy of this drug in Pacific Canada (British Columbia). Currently there is a lack of compounds of different classes and different modes of action for treatment of sea lice in Canada, however, use of organophosphates and pyrethroids occurs in other countries, and have also exhibited issues with resistance development. In order to target this gap in effective management tools for sea lice globally, Elanco Animal Health has developed an in-feed treatment (lufenuron) against sea lice to be administered at the hatchery and provide long-term protection of salmon against infection at sea. Lufenuron is currently undergoing clinical trials in Canada, Chile and Norway, to determine the protection period conferred by the developmental product. It is the goal of the current work to identify the mode of action (MoA) of lufenuron in sea lice and potential future mechanisms of drug resistance. This will be achieved through (1) Determining physiological impacts of lufenuron on the life cycle of L. salmonis, (2) Identifying genes/genotypes associated with resistance to lufenuron in L. salmonis populations, and (3) Developing a lufenuron-specific modelling framework to identify genetic interactions in different farming regions.

鲑虱（Lepeophtheirus salmonis）是一种重要的体表寄生虫，具有重要的生态和经济价值。海虱每年给海洋鲑鱼养殖业造成数百万美元的损失，也会对野生鲑鱼种群产生负面影响。在过去的二十年里，海虱方面最大的新问题可能是对化学治疗的耐药性的发展。所有主要的鲑鱼生产国（即挪威、苏格兰、智利、加拿大等）已经观察到抗寄生虫治疗的功效下降，以及虱子的耐药性菌株的发展。在加拿大东部，已观察到甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐疗效降低的主要影响（Jones et al，2012），最近我们的研究小组在加拿大太平洋地区（不列颠哥伦比亚省）发现了与该药物疗效降低相关的虱子基因簇。目前，加拿大缺乏用于治疗海虱的不同类别和不同作用模式的化合物，然而，其他国家使用有机磷酸酯和拟除虫菊酯，并且也表现出耐药性发展的问题。为了解决全球海虱有效管理工具的这一差距，Elanco Animal Health开发了一种针对海虱的饲料中治疗（虱螨脲），在孵化场进行管理，并为鲑鱼提供长期保护，防止海上感染。虱螨脲目前正在加拿大、智利和挪威进行临床试验，以确定开发产品的保护期。目前工作的目标是确定虱螨脲在海虱中的作用方式（MoA）和潜在的未来耐药性机制。这将通过（1）确定虱螨脲对L.（2）鉴定与虱螨脲抗性相关的基因/基因型。鲑鱼种群，和（3）开发一个虱螨脲特定的建模框架，以确定在不同的养殖区域的遗传相互作用。