Role of the ERK/MAPK pathway in intestine development and homeostasis

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Organ formation relies on multiple cellular processes that imply paracrine signaling mediated by cell-cell contacts or secreted ligands. How signal instructions are interpreted to ultimately control cell fate and morphogenesis is a central question in biology. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are involved in signal transduction through transmembrane receptors. The ERK/MAPK pathway constitutes the major pathway involved in the tight control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. It transduces the effects of many growth factors implicated in cell fate determination in several organisms. In mammals, the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are activated by the dual-specificity (serine/threonine and tyrosine) kinases MEK1 and MEK2. MEK1 and MEK2 played crucial and unique role in signal transduction during development. The loss of