Role of the ERK/MAPK pathway in intestine development and homeostasis

器官形成依赖于多个细胞过程，这些过程意味着由细胞-细胞接触或分泌的配体介导的旁分泌信号传导。如何解释信号指令以最终控制细胞命运和形态发生是生物学中的一个中心问题。丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路通过跨膜受体参与信号转导。ERK/MAPK通路构成了参与细胞增殖、分化和存活的严格控制的主要通路。它转导许多生长因子的作用，这些生长因子与几种生物体中的细胞命运决定有关。在哺乳动物中，细胞外信号调节激酶ERK 1和ERK 2被双特异性（丝氨酸/苏氨酸和酪氨酸）激酶MEK 1和MEK 2激活。MEK 1和MEK 2在发育过程中的信号转导中起着重要而独特的作用。的损失

Organ formation relies on multiple cellular processes that imply paracrine signaling mediated by cell-cell contacts or secreted ligands. How signal instructions are interpreted to ultimately control cell fate and morphogenesis is a central question in biology. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are involved in signal transduction through transmembrane receptors. The ERK/MAPK pathway constitutes the major pathway involved in the tight control of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. It transduces the effects of many growth factors implicated in cell fate determination in several organisms. In mammals, the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ERK2 are activated by the dual-specificity (serine/threonine and tyrosine) kinases MEK1 and MEK2. MEK1 and MEK2 played crucial and unique role in signal transduction during development. The loss of