Disk membrane synthesis in rod and cone photoreceptors

视杆细胞和视锥细胞光感受器中的盘膜合成

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04326
• 负责人: Moritz, Orson
• 金额: $ 2.77万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=629262
• 关键词: Disk; membrane; synthesis; rod; cone

The vertebrate retina contains photoreceptors of two principle types: rods and cones. Within these cells, photodetection occurs in an elaborate structure called the outer segment (OS), a modified sensory cilium. In rods, the OS consists of thousands of membranous discs surrounded by a plasma membrane and separated from the cell body by a connecting cilium. The disks contain high concentrations of rhodopsin. Rhodopsin-containing rod disc membranes are created at the base of the rod OS. Each disc is isolated from the others; new discs are displaced gradually towards the retinal pigment epithelium, where they are shed. In contrast, cone disc membranes are continuous with each other. The mechanisms underlying this remarkable process are still under investigation, with two principle competing models, and some basic premises under debate. The chief obstacles are lack of tools, and lack of insight into molecular players. We have developed new techniques for studying disc membrane biosynthesis, and will use these techniques in the following Aims:

脊椎动物的视网膜包含两种主要类型的光感受器：杆和锥。在这些细胞中，光探测发生在一个称为外节（OS）的复杂结构中，这是一种经过修饰的感觉纤毛。在视杆细胞中，OS由数千个被质膜包围的膜盘组成，并通过连接纤毛与细胞体分离。圆盘含有高浓度的视紫红质。视杆细胞的底部形成含有视紫红质的视杆细胞膜。每个视杆细胞膜与其他视杆细胞膜分离;新的视杆细胞膜逐渐向视网膜色素上皮细胞转移，并在那里脱落。相反，锥盘膜彼此连续。这一非凡过程背后的机制仍在调查中，有两个原则竞争模型，一些基本前提正在辩论中。主要的障碍是缺乏工具，以及缺乏对分子参与者的洞察力。我们已经开发了研究盘膜生物合成的新技术，并将在以下目标中使用这些技术：