Interspecific introgression effects on bean breeding germplasm

种间渗入对豆类育种种质的影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05166
• 负责人: Pauls, Karl
• 金额: $ 1.89万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=630408
• 关键词: Interspecific; introgression; effects; bean; breeding

Conventional wisdom suggests that modern crops would benefit from efforts to broaden their genetic diversity. For example, common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is believed to have been domesticated, independently, in two geographic regions with losses of genetic diversity during each domestication event. To increase the genetic diversity of crop germplasm and introduce new traits plant breeders have made crosses between exotic materials and conventional varieties. Our breeding program made interspecific crosses between P. vulgaris and Phaseolus acutifolious to introduce resistance to infection by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli, which causes bacterial blight, into dry bean. The first bacterial blight resistant variety derived from this interspecific cross was OAC Rex. The proposed research program will test the hypothesis that the interspecific introgression had various effects on the bean genome that are manifested in changes in gene number, chromosome structure and agronomic characteristics. In particular, the study will i) examine the patterns of introgression of P. acutifolius genes into the OAC Rex genome, ii) test the functionality of the introgressed genetic material and iii) determine if there are changes in agronomic traits (such as crop yield) that are attributable to the introgressed DNA. These studies will enhance the general understanding of the consequences of interspecific introgresssion on genome structure in an important cultivated species and help to assess the value of efforts to broaden crop diversity for crop improvement.

传统观点认为，现代作物将受益于扩大其遗传多样性的努力。例如，普通的干豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）被认为是在两个地理区域独立驯化的，在每个驯化事件期间都有遗传多样性的损失。为了增加作物种质的遗传多样性和引入新的性状，植物育种家们将外来材料与传统品种杂交。我们的育种计划使P. vulgaris和菜豆（Phaseolus acutifolious）之间进行种间杂交，以将对引起白叶枯病的菜豆黄单胞菌致病变种（Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli）感染的抗性引入干豆中。从这种种间杂交中获得的第一个抗白叶枯病品种是OAC雷克斯。该研究计划将验证种间渐渗对菜豆基因组的影响，表现在基因数量，染色体结构和农艺性状的变化。特别地，该研究将i）检查尖叶假单胞菌基因渗入到OAC雷克斯基因组中的模式，ii）测试渗入的遗传物质的功能性和iii）确定是否存在归因于渗入的DNA的农艺性状（例如作物产量）的变化。这些研究将提高对重要栽培物种基因组结构的种间渗入后果的普遍理解，并有助于评估扩大作物多样性对作物改良的价值。