Quality Trait Gene Discovery in Beans

掌握控制作物关键农艺和品质性状的基因组区域及其包含的基因，是现代植物育种计划的基础。在过去的6年里，我们开发了自1930年以来在加拿大发布的不同市场类别的豆类品种的系谱数据库，对OAC Rex(一种抗病的白豆品种，在我们许多最近商业化的品种的系谱中)的完整基因组进行了测序和组装，并表征了有助于：常见白叶枯病抗性、叶酸含量、不变黑的种皮性状和产量的基因座。这项工作是利用种质和结构化群体来发展的，以推进我们的豆类育种计划。我们发布了20多个获得安大略省豆类作物委员会支持注册的豆类品种，并将10多个品种在多个市场类别进行了商业化，包括：白海军豆、小红豆、深红豆、浅红豆、黑豆和小红莓豆。普通干豆(菜豆)是全球3亿多人的主食。全球收获了1800万吨豆子，估计价值110亿美元。加拿大豆类产量为30万吨/年，价值超过2.5亿美元。豆类还通过其对人类健康的有益影响和通过其固定大气氮的能力对环境的积极影响为加拿大社会做出贡献。豆类被认为是近乎完美的食物，因为它们含有高蛋白含量、大量纤维和复杂的碳水化合物，以及维生素和抗癌抗氧化剂。因此，通过育种和选择，生物强化可以促进加拿大人的健康，并降低医疗保健成本。*建议的工作将有助于我们的长期研究目标，即了解菜豆的农艺和品质相关性状。通过这些研究，我们希望确定这些重要性状的分子控制，并开发分子工具，使它们能够在菜豆育种中快速部署。我们将检验我们在以前的工作中确定的控制CBB抗性、叶酸含量、产量和种皮不变的候选基因是控制这些性状的基因的假设。这项工作将使用我们育种计划开发的独特遗传材料进行，并将为应用分子生物学、基因组学、生物信息学和植物育种研究方面的高素质人员提供跨学科培训。*虽然所提出的单个基因研究是不同的，但它们都被我们的豆类育种计划的最终目标所统一，即将最好的生产力、抗逆性、成分和外观特征整合到特殊的基因类型中。同时，所有这些特性都需要改进，以开发出能够得到种植者广泛接受和国际消费者认可的植物品种。

Knowledge of the genomic regions that control key agronomic and quality traits in crop plants, and the genes that they contain, are the bases for modern plant breeding programs. In the last 6 years we developed a pedigree database of bean varieties of different market classes released in Canada since 1930, sequenced and assembled the complete genome of OAC Rex (a disease resistant white bean variety that is in the pedigree of many of our recently commercialized varieties) and characterized loci contributing to: common bacterial blight resistance, folate content, a non-darkening seed coat trait and yield. This work was done with germplasm and structured populations developed to advance our bean breeding program. We released more than 20 beans lines that were supported for registration by the Ontario Pulse Crop Committee and commercialized more than 10 varieties in multiple market classes, including: white navy, small red, dark red kidney, light red kidney, black and cranberry beans.*******The common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the staple food for more than 300 million people worldwide. Eighteen million tons of beans are harvested globally with an estimated value of $11 billion. Canadian bean production of 300,000 tons/ year is worth more than $250 M. Beans also contribute to Canadian society through their beneficial effects on human health and their positive effects on the environment through their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Beans are considered to be the nearly perfect food because they have high protein contents, large amounts of fibre, and complex carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and cancer-fighting antioxidants. Therefore, biofortification, through breeding and selection, can contribute to the health of Canadians and lead to reductions in health care costs. ******The proposed work will contribute to our long-term research goal, which is to understand agronomic and quality-related traits in common bean. Through these studies we hope to define the molecular controls of these important traits and develop molecular tools to enable their rapid deployment in bean breeding. We will test the hypotheses that candidate genes we identified in previous work at loci for CBB resistance, folate content, yield and non-darkening seed coat, are the genes that control the traits. The work will be conducted with unique genetic materials developed by our breeding program and will provide interdisciplinary training for highly qualified personnel in applied molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics and plant breeding research.*******Although the individual gene studies that are proposed are distinct they are united by the ultimate goal of our bean breeding program, which is to bring together the best productivity, stress tolerance, composition and appearance characteristics into exceptional genotypes. All these traits need to be improved, simultaneously, to develop plant varieties that can claim wide grower acceptance and international consumer recognition.******