Quality Trait Gene Discovery in Beans

掌握控制作物关键农艺和品质性状的基因组区域及其包含的基因，是现代植物育种计划的基础。在过去的6年里，我们开发了一个自1930年以来在加拿大发布的不同市场类别的豆类品种的系谱数据库，对OAC Rex（一种抗病白豆品种，在我们最近的许多商业化品种的系谱中都有）的全基因组进行了测序和组装，并对基因座进行了鉴定，这些基因座有助于：抗普通细菌枯萎病、叶酸含量、不变黑的种皮性状和产量。这项工作是通过种质资源和结构群体来完成的，以推进我们的豆类育种计划。我们发布了20多个豆类品系，这些品系得到了安大略省脉冲作物委员会的注册支持，并在多个市场类别中商业化了10多个品种，包括：白色海军蓝豆、小红豆、暗红肾豆、浅红肾豆、黑豆和蔓越莓豆。*******普通的干豆（Phaseolus vulgaris）是全球3亿多人的主食。全球收获了1800万吨咖啡豆，估计价值110亿美元。加拿大豆类产量为每年30万吨，价值超过2.5亿美元。豆类对人类健康的有益影响以及通过其固定大气氮的能力对环境产生的积极影响也为加拿大社会做出了贡献。豆类被认为是近乎完美的食物，因为它们含有高蛋白、大量纤维、复合碳水化合物、维生素和抗癌抗氧化剂。因此，通过育种和选择进行生物强化可以促进加拿大人的健康，并减少保健费用。******所提出的工作将有助于我们的长期研究目标，即了解普通豆的农艺和质量相关性状。通过这些研究，我们希望确定这些重要性状的分子控制，并开发分子工具，使它们能够在豆类育种中快速部署。我们将验证我们在之前的工作中发现的抗CBB、叶酸含量、产量和不变黑种皮的候选基因是控制这些性状的基因的假设。这项工作将利用我们育种项目开发的独特遗传材料进行，并将为应用分子生物学、基因组学、生物信息学和植物育种研究方面的高素质人才提供跨学科培训。*******虽然提出的单个基因研究是不同的，但我们的豆类育种计划的最终目标是统一的，这是将最佳的生产力，抗逆性，组成和外观特征整合到特殊的基因型中。所有这些特性都需要同时得到改善，以开发出能够被种植者广泛接受和国际消费者认可的植物品种。******

Knowledge of the genomic regions that control key agronomic and quality traits in crop plants, and the genes that they contain, are the bases for modern plant breeding programs. In the last 6 years we developed a pedigree database of bean varieties of different market classes released in Canada since 1930, sequenced and assembled the complete genome of OAC Rex (a disease resistant white bean variety that is in the pedigree of many of our recently commercialized varieties) and characterized loci contributing to: common bacterial blight resistance, folate content, a non-darkening seed coat trait and yield. This work was done with germplasm and structured populations developed to advance our bean breeding program. We released more than 20 beans lines that were supported for registration by the Ontario Pulse Crop Committee and commercialized more than 10 varieties in multiple market classes, including: white navy, small red, dark red kidney, light red kidney, black and cranberry beans.*******The common dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is the staple food for more than 300 million people worldwide. Eighteen million tons of beans are harvested globally with an estimated value of $11 billion. Canadian bean production of 300,000 tons/ year is worth more than $250 M. Beans also contribute to Canadian society through their beneficial effects on human health and their positive effects on the environment through their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Beans are considered to be the nearly perfect food because they have high protein contents, large amounts of fibre, and complex carbohydrates, as well as vitamins and cancer-fighting antioxidants. Therefore, biofortification, through breeding and selection, can contribute to the health of Canadians and lead to reductions in health care costs. ******The proposed work will contribute to our long-term research goal, which is to understand agronomic and quality-related traits in common bean. Through these studies we hope to define the molecular controls of these important traits and develop molecular tools to enable their rapid deployment in bean breeding. We will test the hypotheses that candidate genes we identified in previous work at loci for CBB resistance, folate content, yield and non-darkening seed coat, are the genes that control the traits. The work will be conducted with unique genetic materials developed by our breeding program and will provide interdisciplinary training for highly qualified personnel in applied molecular biology, genomics, bioinformatics and plant breeding research.*******Although the individual gene studies that are proposed are distinct they are united by the ultimate goal of our bean breeding program, which is to bring together the best productivity, stress tolerance, composition and appearance characteristics into exceptional genotypes. All these traits need to be improved, simultaneously, to develop plant varieties that can claim wide grower acceptance and international consumer recognition.******