Improving winter hardiness in wheat using genomic technologies

利用基因组技术提高小麦的抗寒性

• 批准号: 491951-2015
• 负责人: Pauls, Karl
• 金额: $ 6.19万
• 依托单位: University of Guelph
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=692318
• 关键词: Improving; winter; hardiness; wheat; using

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a widely adapted crop, grown across a wide range of environments from 67º N in Scandinavia and Russia to 45º S in Argentina, including elevated regions in the tropics and sub-tropics (Feldman, 1995). Most of this wide adaptation is due to wheat's tolerance to cold temperatures. Winter wheat, unlike spring wheat, requires to be exposed to cold temperature (vernalization) for a period of time, for it to flower. It often yields more than spring wheat and for many reasons ranging from easier management practices to being more environment friendly and beneficial component of the cropping system is favoured by many growers and agronomists. However, a successful variety of winter wheat is the one that can tolerate sub-zero temperatures, as low as -20 C, often acquired through a process of cold acclamation. This research is designed to study different aspects of cold tolerance and winter hardening using a variety of novel approaches. We will attempt to better understand the genetics of winter hardiness as influenced by the need for vernalization. This will include our attempt to identify the genes and their region in the wheat genome. We will also attempt to understand the physiological mechanisms that control this important characteristic of the winter wheat plant. We expect to be able to characterize a wide range of genetic diversity in winter wheat for winter hardiness, their response to cold treatment. We will then examine a selected set of these wheat genotypes for how they interact with environment and management. The outcome of this research is expected to provide novel tools for plant breeders, assisting them in making more efficient selection for winter hardiness in their breeding program. A better understanding of the physiology of winter hardiness is expected to help the growers making more informed management decisions such as choice of varieties and planting time.

小麦 (Triticum aestivum L.) 是一种适应性广泛的作物，生长在从斯堪的纳维亚半岛和俄罗斯北纬 67° 到阿根廷南纬 45° 的各种环境中，包括热带和亚热带的高海拔地区（Feldman，1995）。这种广泛的适应性大部分是由于小麦对寒冷温度的耐受性。冬小麦与春小麦不同，需要暴露在低温（春化）一段时间才能开花。它的产量通常比春小麦高，并且由于多种原因，从更容易的管理实践到对环境更加友好以及种植系统的有益组成部分，受到许多种植者和农艺师的青睐。然而，成功的冬小麦品种是能够耐受零下温度（低至-20°C）的品种，通常是通过寒冷的过程获得的。这项研究旨在使用各种新颖的方法研究耐寒性和冬季硬化的不同方面。我们将尝试更好地了解受春化需要影响的冬季抗寒性的遗传学。这将包括我们尝试识别小麦基因组中的基因及其区域。我们还将尝试了解控制冬小麦植株这一重要特征的生理机制。我们希望能够表征冬小麦的广泛遗传多样性，以了解其抗寒性以及对寒冷处理的反应。然后，我们将检查一组选定的小麦基因型，了解它们如何与环境和管理相互作用。这项研究的成果预计将为植物育种者提供新的工具，帮助他们在育种计划中更有效地选择抗寒性。更好地了解抗寒生理学有望帮助种植者做出更明智的管理决策，例如品种选择和种植时间。