Memory, attention and face recognition in young and old adults and people with brain damage

年轻人、老年人和脑损伤患者的记忆力、注意力和面部识别能力

• 批准号: 8347-2013
• 负责人: Moscovitch, Morris
• 金额: $ 6.56万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631207
• 关键词: Memory; attention; face; recognition; young

The purpose of the proposal is to investigate the psychological processes and brain mechanisms mediating different aspects of memory, attention and face-recognition. The proposed experiments are concerned as much with the interaction among the various components, as with the components themselves. This research extends and elaborates our previous findings that episodic memory, and the structures that mediate it in the medial temporal, influence a variety of other processes from perception to problem solving, from priming to semantics. In the process, these observations call attention to the vital role episodic memory plays in different aspects of our life.In this proposal, we focus on three projects. The first, concerned with episodic memory and attention, will test the hypothesis that the same structures in the parietal cortex that are involved in attention to perceptual input from the outside world, are also involved in memory search and recovery in the internal mental world. The second is concerned with the flexibility of episodic memory, and how the elements that comprise it can be manipulated independently of one another to form new memories. The third project focuses on the interaction between memory and face-perception in young and older adults. We wished to know whether hippocampal deterioration with age is responsible for the slight but noticeable loss in face-recognition that some older adults experience. In particular, we wished to know whether hippocampal 'pattern separation', the process by which similar stimuli are made distinctive at encoding, and thereby reducing memory interference, also contributes to making faces more distinctive and recognizable.

该提案的目的是调查心理过程和大脑机制介导的记忆，注意力和面孔识别的不同方面。所提出的实验关注的是多个组件之间的相互作用，与组件本身。本研究扩展和阐述了我们以前的研究结果，即情景记忆，以及在内侧颞叶介导它的结构，影响各种其他过程，从感知到问题解决，从启动到语义。在这个过程中，这些观察引起了人们对情景记忆在我们生活的不同方面所起的重要作用的关注。第一部分涉及情景记忆和注意力，将检验这样一个假设：顶叶皮层中参与对外部世界知觉输入的注意的结构，也参与内部心理世界的记忆搜索和恢复。第二个是关于情景记忆的灵活性，以及组成它的元素如何能够独立地被操纵以形成新的记忆。第三个项目的重点是年轻人和老年人的记忆和面部感知之间的相互作用。我们想知道海马体随年龄的衰退是否是一些老年人面部识别能力轻微但明显下降的原因。特别是，我们希望知道海马体的“模式分离”，即类似刺激在编码时变得独特，从而减少记忆干扰的过程，是否也有助于使面孔更加独特和可识别。