Memory, attention, and face recognition in young and old adults, and in people with brain damage

年轻人、老年人以及脑损伤患者的记忆力、注意力和面部识别能力

• 批准号: RGPIN-2018-06772
• 负责人: Moscovitch, Morris
• 金额: $ 9.47万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=764261
• 关键词: Memory; attention; face; recognition; young

This proposal continues a long-standing research program whose purpose is to investigate the psychological processes and brain mechanisms mediating different aspects of memory, attention and face-recognition in young and older adults, and in people with brain damage. The proposed experiments examine the psychological implications that follow from theories of brain function in systems neuroscience, in particular our own Component Process Model (CPM; Moscovitch et al., 2016); we in turn use these psychological findings to refine our understanding of brain function and update the model. This research extends and elaborates our previous findings that episodic memory, and the structures that mediate it in the medial temporal, influence a variety of non-memory processes from perception to problem solving to empathy. In this proposal, we describe three projects related to the CPM and the hippocampus (HPC) in particular. The first, concerned with spatial components of episodic memory, follows our observation that participants spontaneously incorporate spatial information into their memory of events. In a series of experiments on young and older adults, and on amnesic patients, we will test the hypothesis that even for single words, recollection, but not familiarity, has a substantial spatial component, and that this component is mediated by the HPC. The second project is concerned with event boundaries during virtual navigation using Google Street View, and with how these boundaries influence memory for temporal duration and order. We hypothesized that turns at intersections act as event boundaries which increase HPC activation that lead to better recollection, but not familiarity, of pre-turn events, and greater differentiation between events across boundaries than within boundaries. The third project focuses on the contribution of the HPC to face-perception as predicted by the CPM. Pattern separation is a process by which similar stimuli are made distinctive at encoding. We hypothesized that pattern separation processes in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the HPC should contribute to categorical perception of two highly similar faces, since categorical perception accentuates differences between two faces across, but not within, category boundaries. If true, then patients with HPC lesions or deterioration, should show reduced categorical perception. Preliminary evidence indicates they do. In healthy controls, greater HPC activation as measured in fMRI should accompany face discrimination and identification across, than within, face category boundaries.

这项提案延续了一项长期的研究计划，其目的是调查年轻人和老年人以及脑损伤患者的记忆，注意力和面部识别的不同方面的心理过程和大脑机制。所提出的实验检查了系统神经科学中大脑功能理论的心理含义，特别是我们自己的组件过程模型（CPM; Moscovitch et al.，2016）;我们反过来使用这些心理学发现来完善我们对大脑功能的理解并更新模型。本研究扩展和阐述了我们以前的研究结果，即情景记忆，以及在内侧颞叶介导它的结构，影响各种非记忆过程，从感知到解决问题到移情。在本提案中，我们特别描述了与CPM和海马体（HPC）相关的三个项目。第一个是情景记忆的空间成分，我们观察到参与者自发地将空间信息纳入他们对事件的记忆。在对年轻人、老年人和健忘症患者的一系列实验中，我们将检验这样一个假设：即使是对单个单词，回忆（而不是熟悉）也有相当大的空间成分，而且这个成分是由HPC介导的。第二个项目关注的是使用谷歌街景虚拟导航过程中的事件边界，以及这些边界如何影响时间持续时间和顺序的记忆。我们假设，在交叉路口的转弯作为事件边界，增加HPC激活，导致更好的回忆，但不熟悉，转弯前的事件，和更大的差异之间的事件跨越边界比边界内。第三个项目的重点是由CPM预测的HPC的脸知觉的贡献。模式分离是一个过程，通过这个过程，相似的刺激在编码时变得不同。我们假设，在HPC的齿状回（DG）的模式分离过程应有助于两个高度相似的面孔的分类知觉，因为分类知觉强调两个面孔之间的差异，但不是在类别边界内。如果为真，则HPC病变或恶化的患者应显示分类感知降低。初步证据表明他们有。在健康的对照组中，更大的HPC激活功能磁共振成像测量应该伴随着面对歧视和识别，而不是在，面对类别的界限。