Neural Mechanisms Underlying Functional Plasticity of the Human Brain

人脑功能可塑性背后的神经机制

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05343
• 负责人: Stevens, William
• 金额: $ 1.82万
• 依托单位: York University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631376
• 关键词: Neural; Mechanisms; Underlying; Functional; Plasticity

Learning and skill acquisition rely to a large extent on implicit processes that occur independent of conscious awareness, both on short and long timescales. An example on a short timescale is repetition priming (RP) – improved performance in identifying, producing, or classifying a stimulus upon repetition of the same or a related stimulus. Neuroimaging reveals that RP is often accompanied by repetition suppression (RS) – reduced neural activation in parts of the brain that are critical for the task at hand. Despite 20 years of research, the link between RP and RS remains elusive. Many theories have focused on changes in local activity within discrete brain regions. However, an alternative explanation is that RS might be a consequence of more efficient communication across large-scale cortical networks. By this account, repetition leads to more efficient coupling across brain regions (functional connectivity: FC), which simultaneously reduces local neural activity and enhances cognitive performance. However, there is little direct evidence to support this hypothesis to date. Thus, there is a

学习和技能的获得在很大程度上依赖于内隐过程，这些过程独立于有意识的意识，无论是在短期还是长期的时间尺度上。短时间尺度上的一个例子是重复启动（RP）-在重复相同或相关刺激时识别，产生或分类刺激的改进性能。神经影像学显示，RP通常伴随着重复抑制（RS）-减少大脑中对手头任务至关重要的部分的神经激活。尽管经过20年的研究，RP和RS之间的联系仍然难以捉摸。许多理论都集中在离散的大脑区域内局部活动的变化。然而，另一种解释是，RS可能是大规模皮层网络之间更有效通信的结果。通过这种解释，重复导致大脑区域之间更有效的耦合（功能连接：FC），这同时减少了局部神经活动并增强了认知表现。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有直接证据支持这一假设。由此可见，有一