Long-term Mapping of Ecosystem Services at the Aquatic-Terrestrial Interface

水陆交界处生态系统服务的长期测绘

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05012
• 负责人: Gergel, Sarah
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of British Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=631642
• 关键词: Long; term; Mapping; Ecosystem; Services

River-floodplains and riparian zones are highly productive, spatially heterogeneous ecosystems which maintain important environmental services such as wildlife habitat and water quality. Because of this heterogeneity, riparian systems are challenging to map and monitoring changes in the environmental services derived from riparian zones is challenging. High spatial resolution, long-term data are essential in this task. In the Gergel Landscape Ecology Lab at UBC, we are developing new techniques for analyzing the dynamics of river-floodplains at several contrasting spatio-temporal scales. To understand long-term changes and dynamics of recovery in river-floodplain systems, we have pioneered novel uses of historical aerial photography and continue to build upon this foundation in the current proposal. These techniques enable improved quantification of fine-scale spatial heterogeneity (beyond what can be captured with moderate resolution imagery such as Landsat). This proposal develops and critically evaluates methods for mapping multiple floodplain services over the long-term. Our research design emphasizes riparian and floodplain ecosystems due to their high productivity, long history of use, and importance in conservation and restoration.The proposed research uses a suite of mapping approaches to quantify environmental services over time, in order to understand the patterns and drivers of sustainable and unsustainable use. At the local level, changes in tree species and size are important to monitor; and at the landscape level, loss and fragmentation of riparian habitat patches are critical. We develop new techniques for quantifying historical ecosystem services (using historical air photos and land survey data). Specifically, we use historical aerial photography and adapt conventional forest inventory interpretation and modelling techniques to quantify ecosystem attributes such as large woody debris sources and riparian habitat features. This approach enables reconstruction of historical dynamics from 1930s to 1950s, representing landscape baseline conditions prior to changes caused by forest harvest and floodplain development. Also, we utilize historical land survey data (from the late 1800s) to reconstruct ecosystem services from the past century. We also examine fragmentation and connectivity variables important to watershed function (such as riparian buffer connectivity). We assess and compare the utility of new metrics (such as network analysis) for assessing river-floodplain connectivity, and develop ways to account for sources of error in connectivity measures. We contrast these approaches in interior vs. coastal river-floodplain systems, further testing the generality of our results and the universal applicability of these tools.These approaches represent a much longer view of the declines, recovery and changes in environmental services (ES) than previous ES mapping efforts. When used combination, they present an unparalleled view of the changes and tradeoffs made in past landscape management essential in improving future management. The proposed work will contribute to improved mapping ecosystem services, which can assist decision-making to better balance among the diverse ecosystem services expected from watershed landscapes.

河漫滩和河岸带是生产力高、空间异质的生态系统，维持着重要的环境服务，如野生动物栖息地和水质。由于这种异质性，河岸系统是具有挑战性的地图和监测来自河岸带的环境服务的变化是具有挑战性的。高空间分辨率的长期数据在这项任务中至关重要。在UBC的Gergel景观生态学实验室，我们正在开发新技术，用于分析河流洪泛平原在几个对比时空尺度上的动态。为了了解河流洪泛区系统的长期变化和恢复动态，我们开创了历史航空摄影的新用途，并在当前提案中继续建立在此基础上。这些技术能够改进对精细尺度空间异质性的量化（超出了Landsat等中等分辨率图像所能捕获的范围）。该提案开发并严格评估了长期绘制多个洪泛区服务的方法。我们的研究设计强调河岸和洪泛区生态系统，因为它们具有高生产力，长期的使用历史，以及在保护和恢复中的重要性。拟议的研究使用一套绘图方法来量化随时间的环境服务，以了解可持续和不可持续使用的模式和驱动因素。在地方一级，监测树种和大小的变化很重要;在景观一级，河岸生境斑块的丧失和破碎也至关重要。我们开发了量化历史生态系统服务的新技术（使用历史航空照片和土地调查数据）。具体而言，我们使用历史航空摄影和适应传统的森林资源清查解释和建模技术，以量化生态系统属性，如大型木质残体来源和河岸栖息地特征。这种方法可以重建20世纪30年代至50年代的历史动态，代表森林采伐和洪泛区开发引起的变化之前的景观基线条件。此外，我们利用历史土地调查数据（从19世纪末）重建生态系统服务从过去的世纪。我们还研究碎片化和连接变量重要的流域功能（如河岸缓冲区的连接）。我们评估和比较实用的新指标（如网络分析），用于评估河流洪泛区的连接，并制定方法来考虑连接措施的错误来源。我们对比这些方法在内部与沿海河流洪泛区系统，进一步测试我们的结果的一般性和这些tools.These方法的普遍适用性代表了一个更长远的观点的下降，恢复和变化的环境服务（ES）比以前的ES映射工作。当结合使用时，他们提出了一个无与伦比的观点，在过去的景观管理中所做的改变和权衡，对改善未来的管理至关重要。拟议的工作将有助于改善生态系统服务绘图，这有助于决策，以更好地平衡流域景观预期提供的各种生态系统服务。