Solid State Chemistry for Next Generation Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies

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There is a growing need to identify cost effective alternative energy resources that are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as fuel cells and batteries, represent a clean alternative energy source for a broad range of energy needs, including portable electronics, transportation, peak-power demand, and grid-scale applications. A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that directly produces electricity from an electrochemical redox reaction between an external fuel supply, such as hydrogen, natural gas, coal, or biogas, and an oxidant, with very high efficiency. A fuel cell running on hydrogen will produce direct current, heat, and water without emitting conventional pollutants or greenhouse gases. Though hydrocarbon-powered fuel cells, such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), produce CO