Ultrafast dynamics in complex systems

自1895年发现以来，X射线带来了对物质结构的新见解，这是以前用传统光学方法无法获得的。在过去的十年里，来自不同科学领域的研究人员正在等待X射线脉冲来探测高时间分辨率的动力学过程。这一探索推动了X射线自由电子激光设施的建设。除了巨额的初始财务投资(数十亿美元)外，它们的缺点是可获得性有限，限制了可能进行的实验的数量。

Since there discovery in 1895, X-rays have led to new insight on the structure of matter, previously inaccessible with conventional optical methods. Over the last decade, researchers from a broad diversity of scientific horizons are awaiting X-ray pulses to probe dynamical processes with high temporal resolution. This quest motivates the construction of X-ray Free Electron Laser facilities. Their drawback besides a huge initial financial investment (billions of dollars) is limited availability, restraining the number of possible experiments.