Investigating biogeochemical controlled redox gradients in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems

研究陆地和水生生态系统中生物地球化学控制的氧化还原梯度

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-04960
• 负责人: Weisener, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.91万
• 依托单位: University of Windsor
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=634034
• 关键词: Investigating; biogeochemical; controlled; redox; gradients

The development of biogeochemical gradients is often dependent on a microorganism’s ability to physically alter and interact with its chemical surroundings. In many cases the activity of microorganism will directly impact the chemical conditions in both surface and subsurface water environments controlling the fate of nutrients and contaminants alike. However we face several daunting challenges when defining the bioremediation strategy of choice. Often the application is not straightforward since in many cases the anthropogenic disturbance has altered the local landscape creating problems when defining the remedial end goal. Questions arise such as what are the baselines or reference systems that can be used and hopefully applied to support a remedial action of choice. What indices can be used to study the long term and short-term controls on the mobility, cycling, and bioavailability of toxic metals and organic contaminants? For example, studies in our lab have shown that mineral dissolution in the presence of bacteria can lead to specific pathways of metal release and will control the fate of these elements dependent on the metals solubility and how the bacteria utilize this aspect during its metabolism. Our research has observed this in both laboratory and applied industrial applications. This research program will continue to focus on the interactions between mineral systems/sediments and bacteria with an emphasis on elucidating mechanistic chemical pathways used by reducing and oxidizing forms of bacteria at the sediment water interface. This research will be hypothesis driven and use novel microbial and analytical techniques in both laboratory and field based programs to address these research questions. The information will be applied to support comprehensive models for biogeochemical cycling in natural and anthropogenic stressed environmental ecosystems. In addition research within this program will support the development new environmental tracers to track. Maintaining sustainable freshwater resources are directly tied to Canada’s continued socio-economic success (i.e. agriculture, industry, people, and tourism). This research program will enhance our understanding of how bacteria control metal release in natural ecosystems as well as those impacted by mining sector and anthropogenic inputs.

生物地球化学梯度的发展往往取决于微生物物理改变及其化学环境的能力和相互作用。在许多情况下，微生物的活动将直接影响地表水和地下水环境中的化学条件，这些化学条件控制着营养物和污染物的命运。然而，在确定生物修复策略的选择时，我们面临着几个艰巨的挑战。由于在许多情况下，人为干扰已经改变了当地的景观，在确定补救最终目标时产生了问题，因此应用通常不是直截了当的。问题出现了，例如什么是基线或参考系统，可以使用，并有希望应用于支持补救行动的选择。哪些指标可用于研究有毒金属和有机污染物的流动性、循环和生物利用度的长期和短期控制？例如，我们实验室的研究表明，在细菌存在的情况下，矿物溶解可以导致金属释放的特定途径，并将根据金属的溶解度以及细菌在代谢过程中如何利用这方面来控制这些元素的命运。我们的研究在实验室和实际工业应用中都观察到了这一点。该研究项目将继续关注矿物系统/沉积物和细菌之间的相互作用，重点是阐明沉积物水界面上细菌的还原和氧化形式所使用的机械化学途径。本研究将以假设为驱动，并在实验室和实地项目中使用新的微生物和分析技术来解决这些研究问题。这些信息将用于支持自然和人为压力环境生态系统中生物地球化学循环的综合模型。此外，该计划内的研究将支持开发新的环境追踪剂。维持可持续的淡水资源直接关系到加拿大持续的社会经济成功（即农业、工业、人口和旅游业）。这个研究项目将加强我们对细菌如何控制自然生态系统中金属释放的理解，以及那些受采矿部门和人为投入影响的生态系统。