EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE REMEDIATION BY THE USE OF NOVEL ECO-PROCESSES AND EMERGING GENOMIC TOOLS

受污染的场所在加拿大无处不在，联邦登记处列出了23,078个场所。越来越多的涉及非常规石油的环境紧急事件，如魁北克的拉克·姆萨甘提克火车脱轨事件或管道泄漏事件（仅在阿尔伯塔省，1990年至2012年期间发生了15609起泄漏事件，不包括最近在和平河、Slave河和北萨斯喀彻温河发生的重大泄漏事件），证明污染，以及大量水体和土地的有毒化合物，导致了巨大的环境破坏和生态服务的丧失，例如饮用水的来源。生物处理（好氧生物降解和植物修复）是最受欢迎的修复技术。然而，这些技术是作为封闭的盒子应用的，没有考虑污染物的特异性或微生物的功能或对加拿大环境重要的因素。这导致修复效率低下，未知降解副产物的残留毒性阻碍了处理后的土壤和沉积物的再利用或再循环。该研究项目将通过开发创新的原位生态毒性评估方案和工具，以及在基因组信息的帮助下设计的强化分层生物处理方法，提供解决方案。这些知识和工具开发方面的进步是迫切需要的，应用这些成果将带来更高的经济、技术和环境效益。该计划将处理加拿大现场存在的特定污染物家族，其中一些正在出现，即：非常规石油烃（Dilbit和Bakken） - phs -（单环、多环芳烃，分别是MAH和PAH，重点是有毒的烷基多环芳烃）；非常规油中存在微量金属- tms - （Pb、Cd、Zn、Ni、Cu）和过渡金属- trms - (Hg、Va)；高毒性铂族元素PGEs - (Pt, Pd)存在于所有危险物质中，运输管道/火车车厢和水库，以及盐（Cl， SO）

Contaminated sites are ubiquitous in Canada with the Federal registry listing 23,078 sites. Increasingly recurrent environmental emergencies involving unconventional oils such as Lac Mégantic’s train derailment (Quebec) or pipeline leaks (Only in Alberta, 15609 leaks occurred between 1990 and 2012 - not including recent major spills in Peace, Slave and N. Saskatchewan rivers) provide evidence that contamination, with toxic compounds of vast water bodies and lands, results in enormous environmental damage and loss of ecological services e.g. source of drinking water. Biotreatments (aerobic biodegradation and phytoremediation) are favored remediation techniques. However, these techniques are applied as closed boxes not considering contaminant specificities or micro-organisms’ functions or factors of importance to Canadian context. This results in poor remediation efficiency, residual toxicity due to unknown degradation byproducts preventing the re-use or recycling of treated soils and sediments. This research program will offer solutions by developing innovative in-situ ecotoxicity assessment protocols and tools and enhanced tiered biotreatments designed with assistance of genomic information. These advances in knowledge and tools developments are critically needed and when applied the outcomes will result in higher economic, technical and environmental benefits. The program will tackle specific families of contaminants present in Canadian sites, some emerging, namely: unconventional petroleum hydrocarbons (Dilbit and Bakken) –PHs– (mono, polycyclic aromatics; MAH and PAH, respectively, with accent on toxic alkyl-PAHs); trace metals –TMs – (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu) and transition metals –TRMs – (Hg, Va) present in unconventional oils; the highly toxic platinum-group elements PGEs – (Pt, Pd) which are present in all hazardous substances transportation pipelines/train cars and reservoirs, and Salts (Cl, SO