EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE REMEDIATION BY THE USE OF NOVEL ECO-PROCESSES AND EMERGING GENOMIC TOOLS

受污染的地点在加拿大无处不在，联邦登记处列出了23,078个地点。日益频繁的涉及非常规石油的环境紧急情况，如Lac Mégantic的火车脱轨(魁北克)或管道泄漏(仅在艾伯塔省，1990年至2012年发生15609次泄漏-不包括最近在和平河、奴隶河和北萨斯喀彻温河的重大泄漏)提供证据表明，污染与广大水体和土地的有毒化合物一起，导致巨大的环境破坏和失去生态服务，例如饮用水的来源。生物处理(好氧生物降解和植物修复)是备受青睐的修复技术。然而，这些技术是作为封闭的盒子应用的，不考虑污染物的特殊性或微生物的功能或对加拿大环境重要的因素。这导致修复效率低，未知降解副产物造成的残留毒性阻碍了处理过的土壤和沉积物的再利用或再循环。这项研究计划将通过开发创新的现场生态毒性评估协议和工具以及在基因组信息的帮助下设计的增强型分级生物治疗来提供解决方案。知识和工具开发方面的这些进步是迫切需要的，当这些成果被应用时，将产生更高的经济、技术和环境效益。该计划将解决加拿大一些新兴地点存在的特定污染物家族，即：非常规石油碳氢化合物(Dilbit和Bakken)-PHS-(单、多环芳烃；MAH和PAH，重点是有毒的烷基-多环芳烃)；痕量金属-TMS-(铅、镉、锌、镍、铜)和过渡金属-TRMS-(汞、Va)；剧毒的铂族元素PGES-(铂、钯)，存在于所有危险物质运输管道/火车车厢和水库中，以及盐(Cl、So

Contaminated sites are ubiquitous in Canada with the Federal registry listing 23,078 sites. Increasingly recurrent environmental emergencies involving unconventional oils such as Lac Mégantic’s train derailment (Quebec) or pipeline leaks (Only in Alberta, 15609 leaks occurred between 1990 and 2012 - not including recent major spills in Peace, Slave and N. Saskatchewan rivers) provide evidence that contamination, with toxic compounds of vast water bodies and lands, results in enormous environmental damage and loss of ecological services e.g. source of drinking water. Biotreatments (aerobic biodegradation and phytoremediation) are favored remediation techniques. However, these techniques are applied as closed boxes not considering contaminant specificities or micro-organisms’ functions or factors of importance to Canadian context. This results in poor remediation efficiency, residual toxicity due to unknown degradation byproducts preventing the re-use or recycling of treated soils and sediments. This research program will offer solutions by developing innovative in-situ ecotoxicity assessment protocols and tools and enhanced tiered biotreatments designed with assistance of genomic information. These advances in knowledge and tools developments are critically needed and when applied the outcomes will result in higher economic, technical and environmental benefits. The program will tackle specific families of contaminants present in Canadian sites, some emerging, namely: unconventional petroleum hydrocarbons (Dilbit and Bakken) –PHs– (mono, polycyclic aromatics; MAH and PAH, respectively, with accent on toxic alkyl-PAHs); trace metals –TMs – (Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu) and transition metals –TRMs – (Hg, Va) present in unconventional oils; the highly toxic platinum-group elements PGEs – (Pt, Pd) which are present in all hazardous substances transportation pipelines/train cars and reservoirs, and Salts (Cl, SO