Humanitarian Logistics

人道主义物流

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-03945
• 负责人: Rancourt, MarieEve
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: HEC Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2017-01-01 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=636903
• 关键词: Humanitarian; Logistics

The human and economic impacts of both man-made and natural disasters have been increasing in recent years. Climate change, growing populations, political conflicts and transportation-related accidents, among others, are putting ever more people at risk. The hazardous nature of disasters and the complex network of organizations participating in both disaster relief operations and humanitarian development projects give rise to many challenges in supply chain management. Network design and transportation issues lie at the heart of some of the most important problems faced in the field of humanitarian logistics. These problems are characterized by numerous sources of uncertainty, by the conflicting objectives of several stakeholders and by context-specific side constraints which differ from those encountered in commercial contexts. The aim of this research program is to embed such aspects within state-of-the-art models and to develop sustainable and resilient solution approaches to mitigate the consequences of disasters. To this end, I propose different methodologies derived from operations research and econometrics and I apply them to three classes of problems: food aid network design, relief transportation capacity management, and donation management in relief supply chains. From a theoretical perspective, none of the problems presented in this proposal has yet to be addressed in the literature and many of them are conceptually novel. Developing solution approaches to solve these problems will yield innovative methodologies and will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of operations research and humanitarian logistics. From a practical perspective, the proposed research program is driven by real-life challenges encountered during relief operations. Working alongside well-established organizations during the realization of this research program will stimulate knowledge mobilization and technological transfer, which will yield sustainable solution approaches. According to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition pose the largest risks to worldwide health. Some developing countries constantly suffer from widespread chronic food insecurity. The first research area of this program is dedicated to an important class of problems for palliating food insecurity: food aid network design. The objective of this area is to develop robust solutions that cope with uncertainty and that integrate market mechanisms while considering local purchase and cash-based transfer programs. The second area of research relates to transportation capacity management, a significant issue in last-mile relief distribution. It focuses on the formulation of representative stochastic relief routing models and on the development of econometric models to facilitate transportation procurement. Finally, humanitarian organizations operate with limited resources which depend primarily on donations. It is therefore crucial for these organizations to effectively design their supply chain and transportation plans in order to reach as many affected people as possible during crises. The third area of research therefore addresses both network design and vehicle routing problems with leverage opportunities and donation constraints. It aims to assess the operational and service quality gains resulting from better management of uncertain donations.

近年来，人为和自然灾害对人类和经济的影响不断增加。气候变化、人口增长、政治冲突和与交通有关的事故等，使越来越多的人处于危险之中。灾害的危险性以及参与救灾行动和人道主义发展项目的复杂组织网络给供应链管理带来了许多挑战。网络设计和运输问题是人道主义后勤领域面临的一些最重要问题的核心。这些问题的特点是有许多不确定性来源，若干利益攸关方的目标相互冲突，以及与商业环境不同的特定环境的附带限制。该研究计划的目的是将这些方面嵌入最先进的模型中，并开发可持续和有弹性的解决方案，以减轻灾害的后果。为此，我提出了不同的方法，来自运筹学和计量经济学，我把它们应用到三类问题：粮食援助网络设计，救济运输能力管理和捐赠管理的救济供应链。从理论的角度来看，在这个建议中提出的问题还没有在文献中得到解决，其中许多是概念新颖。制定解决这些问题的办法将产生创新的方法，并将有助于业务研究和人道主义后勤领域的知识进步。从实践的角度来看，拟议的研究计划是由现实生活中遇到的挑战，在救援行动。在实现这一研究计划的过程中，与成熟的组织合作将促进知识动员和技术转让，这将产生可持续的解决方案。据联合国称，饥饿和营养不良是全球健康面临的最大风险。一些发展中国家经常遭受普遍的长期粮食不安全。该计划的第一个研究领域是致力于缓解粮食不安全问题的一类重要问题：粮食援助网络设计。该领域的目标是制定强有力的解决方案，以科普不确定性，并在考虑当地采购和现金转移计划的同时整合市场机制。第二个研究领域涉及运输能力管理，这是最后一英里救济分发的一个重要问题。它的重点是制定有代表性的随机救济路线模型和发展计量经济学模型，以促进运输采购。最后，人道主义组织的运作资源有限，主要依靠捐助。因此，这些组织必须有效地设计其供应链和运输计划，以便在危机期间接触到尽可能多的受影响民众。第三个研究领域，因此解决了网络设计和车辆路径问题的杠杆机会和捐赠的限制。其目的是评估因更好地管理不确定的捐助而在业务和服务质量方面取得的收益。