Humanitarian Logistics

人道主义物流

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-03945
• 负责人: Rancourt, MarieEve
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: HEC Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=708259
• 关键词: Humanitarian; Logistics

The human and economic impacts of both man-made and natural disasters have been increasing in recent years. Climate change, growing populations, political conflicts and transportation-related accidents, among others, are putting ever more people at risk. The hazardous nature of disasters and the complex network of organizations participating in both disaster relief operations and humanitarian development projects give rise to many challenges in supply chain management. Network design and transportation issues lie at the heart of some of the most important problems faced in the field of humanitarian logistics. These problems are characterized by numerous sources of uncertainty, by the conflicting objectives of several stakeholders and by context-specific side constraints which differ from those encountered in commercial contexts. The aim of this research program is to embed such aspects within state-of-the-art models and to develop sustainable and resilient solution approaches to mitigate the consequences of disasters. To this end, I propose different methodologies derived from operations research and econometrics and I apply them to three classes of problems: food aid network design, relief transportation capacity management, and donation management in relief supply chains. From a theoretical perspective, none of the problems presented in this proposal has yet to be addressed in the literature and many of them are conceptually novel. Developing solution approaches to solve these problems will yield innovative methodologies and will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of operations research and humanitarian logistics. From a practical perspective, the proposed research program is driven by real-life challenges encountered during relief operations. Working alongside well-established organizations during the realization of this research program will stimulate knowledge mobilization and technological transfer, which will yield sustainable solution approaches. According to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition pose the largest risks to worldwide health. Some developing countries constantly suffer from widespread chronic food insecurity. The first research area of this program is dedicated to an important class of problems for palliating food insecurity: food aid network design. The objective of this area is to develop robust solutions that cope with uncertainty and that integrate market mechanisms while considering local purchase and cash-based transfer programs. The second area of research relates to transportation capacity management, a significant issue in last-mile relief distribution. It focuses on the formulation of representative stochastic relief routing models and on the development of econometric models to facilitate transportation procurement. Finally, humanitarian organizations operate with limited resources which depend primarily on donations. It is therefore crucial for these organizations to effectively design their supply chain and transportation plans in order to reach as many affected people as possible during crises. The third area of research therefore addresses both network design and vehicle routing problems with leverage opportunities and donation constraints. It aims to assess the operational and service quality gains resulting from better management of uncertain donations.

近年来，人为灾害和自然灾害对人类和经济的影响不断增加。气候变化、人口增长、政治冲突和交通事故等，使越来越多的人处于危险之中。灾害的危险性以及参与救灾行动和人道主义发展项目的组织的复杂网络给供应链管理带来了许多挑战。网络设计和运输问题是人道主义后勤领域面临的一些最重要问题的核心。这些问题的特点是不确定性来源众多，几个利益攸关方的目标相互冲突，以及与商业环境中遇到的情况不同的特定环境的侧面限制。这个研究项目的目的是将这些方面嵌入到最先进的模型中，并开发可持续的、有弹性的解决方案，以减轻灾害的后果。为此，我提出了来自运筹学和计量经济学的不同方法，并将其应用于三类问题：粮食援助网络设计、救灾运输能力管理和救灾供应链中的捐赠管理。