Humanitarian Logistics

人道主义物流

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-03945
• 负责人: Rancourt, MarieEve
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: HEC Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=678718
• 关键词: Humanitarian; Logistics

The human and economic impacts of both man-made and natural disasters have been increasing in recent years. Climate change, growing populations, political conflicts and transportation-related accidents, among others, are putting ever more people at risk. The hazardous nature of disasters and the complex network of organizations participating in both disaster relief operations and humanitarian development projects give rise to many challenges in supply chain management. Network design and transportation issues lie at the heart of some of the most important problems faced in the field of humanitarian logistics. These problems are characterized by numerous sources of uncertainty, by the conflicting objectives of several stakeholders and by context-specific side constraints which differ from those encountered in commercial contexts. The aim of this research program is to embed such aspects within state-of-the-art models and to develop sustainable and resilient solution approaches to mitigate the consequences of disasters. To this end, I propose different methodologies derived from operations research and econometrics and I apply them to three classes of problems: food aid network design, relief transportation capacity management, and donation management in relief supply chains. **From a theoretical perspective, none of the problems presented in this proposal has yet to be addressed in the literature and many of them are conceptually novel. Developing solution approaches to solve these problems will yield innovative methodologies and will contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of operations research and humanitarian logistics. From a practical perspective, the proposed research program is driven by real-life challenges encountered during relief operations. Working alongside well-established organizations during the realization of this research program will stimulate knowledge mobilization and technological transfer, which will yield sustainable solution approaches. **According to the United Nations, hunger and malnutrition pose the largest risks to worldwide health. Some developing countries constantly suffer from widespread chronic food insecurity. The first research area of this program is dedicated to an important class of problems for palliating food insecurity: food aid network design. The objective of this area is to develop robust solutions that cope with uncertainty and that integrate market mechanisms while considering local purchase and cash-based transfer programs. The second area of research relates to transportation capacity management, a significant issue in last-mile relief distribution. It focuses on the formulation of representative stochastic relief routing models and on the development of econometric models to facilitate transportation procurement. Finally, humanitarian organizations operate with limited resources which depend primarily on donations. It is therefore crucial for these organizations to effectively design their supply chain and transportation plans in order to reach as many affected people as possible during crises. The third area of research therefore addresses both network design and vehicle routing problems with leverage opportunities and donation constraints. It aims to assess the operational and service quality gains resulting from better management of uncertain donations.

近年来，人为灾害和自然灾害对人类和经济的影响不断增加。气候变化、人口增长、政治冲突和交通事故等，使越来越多的人处于危险之中。灾害的危险性以及参与救灾行动和人道主义发展项目的组织的复杂网络给供应链管理带来了许多挑战。网络设计和运输问题是人道主义后勤领域面临的一些最重要问题的核心。这些问题的特点是不确定性来源众多，几个利益攸关方的目标相互冲突，以及与商业环境中遇到的情况不同的特定环境的侧面限制。这个研究项目的目的是将这些方面嵌入到最先进的模型中，并开发可持续的、有弹性的解决方案，以减轻灾害的后果。为此，我提出了来自运筹学和计量经济学的不同方法，并将其应用于三类问题：粮食援助网络设计、救灾运输能力管理和救灾供应链中的捐赠管理。**从理论角度来看，本提案中提出的问题尚未在文献中得到解决，其中许多问题在概念上是新颖的。开发解决这些问题的方法将产生创新的方法，并将有助于提高运筹学和人道主义后勤领域的知识。从实践的角度来看，提出的研究计划是由现实生活中遇到的挑战，救灾行动。在实现这一研究计划的过程中，与成熟的组织合作将刺激知识动员和技术转移，从而产生可持续的解决方案。**根据联合国的说法，饥饿和营养不良对全世界的健康构成最大的威胁。一些发展中国家长期普遍存在粮食不安全问题。该计划的第一个研究领域致力于缓解粮食不安全的一个重要问题：粮食援助网络设计。该领域的目标是制定强有力的解决方案，以应对不确定性，并在考虑当地采购和现金转移支付方案的同时整合市场机制。第二个研究领域涉及运输能力管理，这是最后一英里救济分配的一个重要问题。它侧重于代表性的随机救济路线模型的制定和计量经济模型的发展，以方便运输采购。最后，人道主义组织的运作资源有限，主要依靠捐款。因此，这些组织必须有效地设计供应链和运输计划，以便在危机期间尽可能多地接触到受影响的人。因此，研究的第三个领域解决了网络设计和车辆路线问题，同时考虑了杠杆机会和捐赠限制。它旨在评估通过更好地管理不确定的捐赠而获得的业务和服务质量收益。