Load demand management with high renewable energy penetration in distribution systems

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Distributed Renewable Resources (DRRs) differ from conventional and fossil-fired resources in a fundamental way. Their sources (wind velocity and solar radiation in particular) cannot be controlled or stored. Further, renewable power generation often does not correlate with consumer load demand in real time due to its high intermittency. It may lead to one of the main causes of destabilizing the power system. In light of increased penetrations of these DRRs (50-60%) with the future grid, it will be difficult even for conventional power plants to participate effectively with great impact in maintaining stability of the network. In such reformed grid structure with high DRRs penetration, it will become a real challenging task to instantaneously predict and control total power generation in the entire grid. The operation of power grid will be more deliberately governed on the basis of DRRs generation rather than consumer loads demand. The main problems which may arise are increased voltage distortions in terms of flicker, sag, swell and its harmonic contents, frequency control etc. To solve such problems, solutions are presented in literature, such as, increased rating of a stand-by DG unit and employing storage system for maintaining deficit real time load demands.