Climate change resilience in temperate hardwood forests: Implications for forest management

温带硬木林对北岸森林的股东工厂特别重要，因为它们的高价值产品和全球需求。如果管理得当，它们可以生产出具有相当大的全球市场价值的高单板级木材。如果管理不当，它们会生产低等级的木材(例如。像北岸森林公司（Northshore Forest Inc.）这样的林业公司的投资回报很少，甚至为负。然而，越来越多的人认识到，物种在气候变化下的反应可能是复杂和意想不到的。因此，为了适当地管理收获政策/计划的固有风险，管理者必须评估历史条件范围之外的气候变化所产生的阈值效应或意外效应的可能性。2016年夏天，我们在圣路易斯市的圣路易斯市取样了五个纯糖枫林。玛丽地区，艾略特湖区和哈里伯顿森林。这些林分的树芯被用来估计长期生长轨迹。进一步的同位素分析将有助于确定碳施肥和环境变化对糖枫林分生长趋势的影响。从分析中获得的信息将有助于(1)确定森林是否可能直接受到气候（水、温度）的压力，或者是否存在其他压力源；(2)提出在气候变化情景下提高生产力的未来管理建议。众所周知，有关硬木选择处理的管理决策，即强度和频率，对木材的质量和价值有影响。因此，面对气候变化，可以通过改进森林管理战略来预期经济、社会和环境效益。此外，由于森林对加拿大的巨大重要性和气候变化影响的严峻现实，即使是渐进的认识也有可能在未来几十年取得显著的改善。

Temperate hardwood stands are of particular importance to the Shareholder Mills in the Northshore Forest dueto their high-value products and global demand. When managed properly, they can produce high veneer gradewood, which carries considerable global market value. If managed improperly, they produce low-grade wood(e.g., firewood) and forestry companies, like Northshore Forest Inc., make minimal, or negative return oninvestments. However, there is a growing understanding that species' responses under changing climate can becomplex and unexpected. As such, in order to properly manage the inherent risks of harvest policies / plans,managers must evaluate the potential for threshold or surprise effects that result from climatic change outsidethe range of historical conditions.In the summer of 2016 we sampled five pure sugar maple stands in the Sault Ste. Marie area, Elliot Lake areaand Haliburton forest. Tree cores from these stands were used to estimate long term growth trajectories.Further isotopic analysis of these tree cores will help determine the roles of carbon fertilization andenvironmental variation on growth trends in sugar maple stands. The information gained from analysis willhelp (1) identify whether forests are likely to be stressed directly by climate (water, temperature) or if someother stressor may be present and (2) present recommendations for future management to increase productivityunder climate change scenarios.It is well understood that management decisions regarding hardwood selection treatments, i.e. intensity andfrequency, have effects on wood quality and value. As such, economic, social and environmental benefits canbe expected through improved forest management strategies in the face of climate change. Further, due to thevast importance of forests to Canada and the severe realities of climate changes impacts, even an incrementalinsight has the potential to have noticeable improvements in the coming decades.