Quantification of the real-time near-infrared spectroscopic tissue oxygenation index using venous saturation in presence of cyclic muscular motion

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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS, also known as diffuse optical spectroscopy) is a technique that usesnear-infrared light to measure blood flow and metabolism in body tissues like muscle and brain. NIRS isnon-invasive, invisible to humans, and non-ionizing (that is, it does not cause cancer, unlike ultraviolet light).An important component of muscle metabolism during exercise is oxygen consumption, which scientists canmeasure in order to determine how muscle is responding to exercise and whether a person is benefiting fromthe exercise. One of the standard measurements of muscle oxygen use is the tissue oxygenation index, or TOI.However, the methods used to determine TOI are not standardized across different NIRS instruments, and thislimits both its wide applicability and the consistency of the assessments done by various laboratories and sportscientists. The goal of this research is to establish a new method for calculating TOI using the venoussaturation in presence of cyclic motion. This will allow use of well established and validated techniques inpulse oximetry to be applied to NIRS. Venous saturation can be measured invasively which allows calibrationof the method using a gold standard. This will improve the consistency and accuracy of NIRS instruments thatare used for exercise testing in many settings.