Electromagnetic Waves and their Effects in near-Earth Space

近地空间的电磁波及其效应

• 批准号: 436201-2013
• 负责人: Cully, Christopher
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=648397
• 关键词: Electromagnetic; Waves; their; Effects; near

At the start of the space age, James Van Allen made a startling discovery: the space above our atmosphere is filled with high-energy radiation. That was in 1958, and the discovery soon made him Time Magazine's "Man of the Year". Much has changed since that time, and our society has come to rely on orbiting satellites. Applications such as GPS positioning and satellite weather maps are a part of our daily lives. However, the radiation that Van Allen discovered is a natural phenomenon, and modern satellites often cross through the two doughnut-shaped regions now known as the Van Allen radiation belts. The radiation in these regions comes from electrons and ions which are trapped by the Earth's magnetic field and accelerated to very high energies. These particles pose a serious threat to any satellites passing through them, mostly due to their ability to damage and disrupt on-board electronics.****Starting from the mid-1990s, it became increasingly apparent that we have only a limited understanding of how the particles in the radiation belts reach such high energies, or what processes cause them to be occasionally released into our atmosphere or into deep space. Older physical models simply could not explain their dynamic and hard-to-predict nature. There is presently a focussed international effort to remedy this and to fully understand the radiation belts, with a dedicated mission recently launched by NASA and closely related projects from several nations including Canada.** **This proposal requests funds to examine the role of a class of electromagnetic waves known as "whistler-mode" waves in both accelerating radiation belt particles and releasing them from the belts. It uses a unique combination of Canadian and international resources, both space- and ground-based, in order to maximize the Canadian scientific return from the upcoming intense period of radiation belt investigation.

在太空时代开始时，詹姆斯·范·艾伦（James Van Allen）做出了惊人的发现：我们大气上方的空间充满了高能辐射。那是在1958年，这一发现很快使他成为了时代杂志的《年度人物》。自那时以来，发生了很多变化，我们的社会已经依靠轨道卫星。 GPS定位和卫星天气图等应用是我们日常生活的一部分。然而，范·艾伦（Van Allen）发现的辐射是一种自然现象，现代卫星经常穿过现在被称为范·艾伦（Van Allen）辐射带的两个排队形状区域。这些区域的辐射来自被地球磁场捕获的电子和离子，并加速至非常高的能量。这些颗粒对任何穿过它们的卫星构成严重威胁，主要是由于它们损坏和破坏机上电子设备的能力。较旧的物理模型根本无法解释其动态和难以预测的本质。目前，有一项重点的国际努力来解决这一问题并充分理解辐射带，NASA最近发起了一项专门的任务，以及来自加拿大在内的几个国家的密切相关的项目。它利用了加拿大和国际资源的独特组合，包括空间和地面，以最大程度地利用即将到来的辐射带调查时期的加拿大科学回报。