Overwintering ecology, migration strategies and demography of migratory birds

越冬生态学、迁徙策略和候鸟种群统计

• 批准号: RGPIN-2014-05798
• 负责人: Green, David
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Simon Fraser University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=652396
• 关键词: Overwintering; ecology; migration; strategies; demography

Populations of migratory birds may be limited by events in geographically separate habitats occupied at different stages of their annual cycle. Although events during the breeding season may drive the population dynamics of some species climatic conditions and anthropogenic impacts on winter and en-route habitats can also influence the distribution and survival of migrants, and conditions experienced during the non-breeding season can carryover and influence survival and productivity on the breeding grounds. Climate change and the loss or degradation of winter or en-route habitat is therefore likely to influence the overwintering ecology of migrants, alter the costs and benefits of migration, and influence the distribution and persistence of bird populations. Recognition of the connections between seasons, and investigation of the factors that influence seasonal vital rates are critical in evaluating climatic and human impacts on migratory birds.**We propose to investigate climatic and anthropogenic impacts on wintering and migratory strategies, seasonal vital rates, and population dynamics of two birds that can be studied throughout their annual cycle: a neotropical migrant, the Yellow Warbler, and a partial migrant, the Black Oystercatcher. Specifically, we will 1) ask how the use of natural and modified winter habitats influence territoriality and winter survival of Yellow Warblers and investigate the sensitivity of breeding populations from different latitudes to winter habitat alteration; 2) examine whether non-breeding season events that impact vital rates scale-up and predict population trends of Yellow Warblers at a larger geographic scale; 3) evaluate hypotheses explaining variation in the migratory strategies of Black Oystercatchers; and 4) determine whether anthropogenic change influences the relative costs and benefits of migration and the predicted number of migratory and sedentary Black Oystercatchers at different latitudes.**We study Yellow Warblers on the breeding grounds in B.C. and on wintering grounds in Mexico where they occupy natural and modified (agricultural) habitats. Stable isotope analysis of feather tissues can be used to infer the breeding origins of birds in Mexico; radiotransmitters and mark-resight data allow investigation of breeding origin, sex/age, climate and habitat effects on territoriality and over-winter survival. Population models can then be used to assess how season-specific vital rates contribute to population growth. Regionally specific breeding bird survey data can be used to test the generality of climatic and human impacts on populations. Black Oystercatchers are partial migrants that can also be studied on breeding grounds, wintering grounds and on migration. In Alaska migrants and residents breed together but overwinter apart, whereas in southern B.C. migrants and residents overwinter together and breed apart. Radiotelemetry and light-sensitive geolocators provide tools to determine migratory strategies and migration distances of individuals. The monitoring of resident and migratory oystercatchers from multiple sites in Alaska and British Columbia allow assessment of the causes and fitness consequences of variation in migratory strategies. **The proposed research will elucidate the role of events at different stages of the annual cycle for population dynamics of migratory birds, evaluate hypotheses for differential migration by assessing the fitness consequences of alternative migratory strategies, and determine how environmental change influences the demography of neotropical and partial migrants. Consequently, the results of the proposed research will aid in the development of effective conservation strategies for migratory birds.

候鸟的种群可能受到在其年周期不同阶段占据的地理上分离的栖息地的事件的限制。虽然繁殖季节的事件可能会推动某些物种的种群动态，但气候条件和人类活动对冬季和途中生境的影响也会影响迁徙动物的分布和生存，而非繁殖季节的条件可能会延续并影响繁殖地的生存和生产力。因此，气候变化和冬季或途中栖息地的丧失或退化可能会影响候鸟的越冬生态，改变迁徙的成本和收益，并影响鸟类种群的分布和持久性。认识季节之间的联系，调查影响季节性生命率的因素，对于评估气候和人类对候鸟的影响至关重要。我们建议调查气候和人为影响的越冬和迁徙策略，季节性的生命率，和人口动态的两种鸟类，可以在整个年度周期进行研究：新热带移民，黄莺，和部分移民，黑蛎鹬。具体而言，我们将1）询问自然和改造的冬季栖息地的使用如何影响黄莺的领地和冬季生存，并调查来自不同纬度的繁殖种群对冬季栖息地改变的敏感性; 2）研究影响生命率的非繁殖季节事件是否扩大并预测黄莺在更大地理尺度上的种群趋势; 3）评估解释黑牡蛎捕手迁移策略变化的假设; 4）确定人为变化是否影响迁移的相对成本和收益以及不同纬度的迁移和定居黑牡蛎捕手的预测数量。我们研究黄莺的繁殖地在公元前和越冬地在墨西哥，他们占据自然和修改（农业）栖息地。羽毛组织的稳定同位素分析可用于推断墨西哥鸟类的繁殖起源;无线电发射器和标记-标记数据允许调查繁殖起源、性别/年龄、气候和栖息地对领土和越冬生存的影响。然后，人口模型可以用来评估季节特定的生命率如何有助于人口增长。特定区域的繁殖鸟类调查数据可用于测试气候和人类对种群影响的一般性。黑牡蛎捕手是部分移民，也可以在繁殖地，越冬地和迁移进行研究。在阿拉斯加，移民和居民一起繁殖，但分开越冬，而在公元前南部，移民和居民一起越冬，分开繁殖。无线电遥测和光敏地理定位仪提供了确定个体迁徙战略和迁徙距离的工具。从阿拉斯加和不列颠哥伦比亚省的多个地点的居民和迁移的ocystercatchers的监测允许迁移策略的变化的原因和健身后果进行评估。** 拟议的研究将阐明事件在候鸟种群动态的年度周期的不同阶段的作用，通过评估替代迁移策略的适应性后果来评估差异迁移的假设，并确定环境变化如何影响新热带和部分移民的人口统计。因此，拟议研究的结果将有助于制定有效的候鸟保护战略。