Description and classification of generic landforms: from words to concepts for digital use and decision support

一般地貌的描述和分类：从文字到数字使用和决策支持的概念

• 批准号: RGPIN-2016-05129
• 负责人: Guilbert, Eric
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=652623
• 关键词: Description; classification; generic; landforms; words

In this last decade, the focus in geomatics engineering has shifted from computational issues looking at performance and accuracy to decisional issues where the objective is to be able to make decisions from the information available. Software applications are supposed to retrieve and process data at a semantic level to make their own decisions or to assist a user in making an informed decision. In order to reason, spatial entities are perceived as objects with their own spatial and semantic properties and relationships.***Little interest has been devoted to terrain description, one of the most often found spatial data but which is not modelled as an object. Most processes are able to classify terrain data according to some mathematical descriptors such as the slope but they cannot classify landforms. Indeed, landforms such as a mountain or a valley have subjective and vague definitions which vary with individuals. Providing a formal definition that can be processed in a computing system is a difficult task. Landform terminologies remain too implicit to be handled and processed for terrain data classification. Such a work requires the definition of a whole framework which formalises landform description 1) at a conceptual level where an abstract definition approved by domain experts is given, 2) at a logical level where the definition is translated into object-oriented concepts for implementation, and 3), at a communication level for data visualisation and exchange.***This research programme therefore proposes a conceptual framework where landforms can be defined from a formal conceptual model to a model that allows landform recognition on a digital terrain model (DTM). The framework is built around the principle that landforms are not characterised by geometrical attributes but by salient features structuring the terrain. Three objectives are identified for this five-year programme:***1. To conceive a generic conceptual model from which landform concepts can be derived;***2. To translate the conceptual model into a logical model where salient features can be extracted from a DTM;***3. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach through two applications: 1) an application automating nautical chart production and 2) a Web service for online extraction of landforms for general purpose.***Several deliverables are anticipated at both conceptual and applied research levels:***- a prototype providing a conceptual model for landform description based on saliencies***- a set of algorithms and structures for landform extraction from a DTM***- a prototype system for automatic undersea feature classification in chart production***- a system architecture for a Web service for landform analysis***Both systems will be applied to geomorphological studies of coastal areas of Canada. It is expected that the programme will contribute to a better understanding of environmental phenomena in maritime areas of Canada.********

在过去的十年中，地理信息工程的重点已经从性能和精度的计算问题转移到决策问题，其目标是能够根据可用信息做出决策。软件应用程序应该在语义级别检索和处理数据，以做出自己的决策或帮助用户做出明智的决策。为了推理，空间实体被感知为具有自己的空间和语义属性和关系的对象。很少有兴趣一直致力于地形描述，最常见的空间数据之一，但没有建模为一个对象。大多数过程能够根据一些数学描述符（如坡度）对地形数据进行分类，但它们不能对地貌进行分类。事实上，地形，如一座山或一个山谷有主观和模糊的定义，因人而异。提供可以在计算系统中处理的形式定义是一项困难的任务。地形术语仍然太含蓄，无法处理和处理地形数据分类。这样的工作需要定义一个完整的框架，该框架将地形描述形式化：1）在概念层面上，给出领域专家批准的抽象定义，2）在逻辑层面上，将定义转换为面向对象的概念以供实现，以及3）在数据可视化和交换的通信层面上。因此，这项研究计划提出了一个概念框架，地貌可以定义从一个正式的概念模型的模型，允许地形识别的数字地形模型（DTM）。该框架是建立在地形的特点不是由几何属性，而是由突出的特点构成的地形的原则。为这个五年期方案确定了三个目标：*1。构思一个通用概念模型，从中可以推导出地形概念;*2.将概念模型转换为逻辑模型，以便从DTM中提取突出特征;*3.通过两个应用程序证明该方法的适用性：1）海图制作自动化应用程序和2）用于一般目的的在线地形提取的Web服务。预计在概念和应用研究两级将有几项成果：*-一个原型，提供一个根据显著性进行地貌描述的概念模型 *-一套从数字地面模型提取地貌的算法和结构 *-一个在海图制作中进行海底特征自动分类的原型系统 *-一个用于地貌分析的网络服务系统结构 * 这两个系统都将用于加拿大沿海地区的地貌研究。预计该方案将有助于更好地了解加拿大海洋地区的环境现象。