Engineering multifunctional hierarchical surface microstructures for bacterial sensing and biofilm prevention

** 天然表面，如植物叶片和肠壁，具有复杂的微观结构，可以对其环境做出化学和物理反应。例如，植物可以打开和关闭气孔（气孔），细胞可以感知化学刺激，并移动微毛（纤毛）以引起扩散，移动粘液层并防止细菌粘附。该建议是针对设计和工程的响应微结构化表面，可用于感测化学物种，并物理移动阵列的微毛，或孔，这是基于这些生物学的例子。微毛的主动运动可用于控制化学物质的表面扩散，或颗粒的粘附，或防止细菌细胞的附着。表面孔的打开和关闭可用于控制药物释放或颗粒捕获。另一个重要的设计元素是光学可调金属纳米颗粒的控制，其影响某些定量化学测量（称为拉曼光谱）的灵敏度。这些移动的表面结构将被设计成调整这种传感灵敏度，这最终可能对细菌菌株的识别非常有用。通过这种方式，我们正在设计自适应的复杂表面微结构，这些微结构可以使用生物灵感对其环境做出反应。

**Natural surfaces, such as plant leaves, and intestinal walls, feature complex microstructures which can respond to their environment, chemically and physically. For example, plants can open and close pores (stomata), and cells can sense chemical stimuli, and move microhairs (cilia) to cause diffusion, move mucus layers, and prevent bacterial adhesion. This proposal is directed towards the design and engineering of responsive microstructured surfaces that can be used to sense chemical species, and physically move arrays of microhairs, or pores, which are based on these biological examples. The active motion of the microhairs can be used to control surface diffusion of chemical species, or the adhesion of particles, or prevent the attachment of bacterial cells. The opening and closing of surface pores can be used to control drug release, or particle capture. Another important design element is the control of optically-tunable metal nanoparticles, which effect the sensitivity of certain quantitative chemical measurements (known as Raman spectroscopy). These moving surface structures will be designed to tune this sensing sensitivity, which could ultimately be very useful for the identification of bacterial strains. In this way, we are designing adaptive, complex surface microstructures that can respond to their environment using biological inspirations.