Engineering multifunctional hierarchical surface microstructures for bacterial sensing and biofilm prevention

**自然表面，如植物叶子和肠壁，具有复杂的微结构，可以在化学和物理上对环境做出反应。例如，植物可以打开和关闭毛孔(气孔)，细胞可以感知化学刺激，移动微毛(纤毛)以引起扩散，移动粘液层，并防止细菌黏附。这项建议旨在设计和设计响应性微结构表面，这些表面可用于检测化学物种，并以这些生物学例子为基础物理地移动微毛或毛孔的阵列。微毛的主动运动可以用来控制化学物质的表面扩散，或颗粒的附着，或防止细菌细胞的附着。表面气孔的打开和关闭可用于控制药物释放或颗粒捕获。另一个重要的设计元素是光学可调金属纳米颗粒的控制，这会影响某些定量化学测量(称为拉曼光谱)的灵敏度。这些移动的表面结构将被设计来调节这种传感灵敏度，这最终可能对细菌菌株的鉴定非常有用。通过这种方式，我们正在设计适应性的、复杂的表面微结构，这些微结构可以利用生物灵感对环境做出反应。

**Natural surfaces, such as plant leaves, and intestinal walls, feature complex microstructures which can respond to their environment, chemically and physically. For example, plants can open and close pores (stomata), and cells can sense chemical stimuli, and move microhairs (cilia) to cause diffusion, move mucus layers, and prevent bacterial adhesion. This proposal is directed towards the design and engineering of responsive microstructured surfaces that can be used to sense chemical species, and physically move arrays of microhairs, or pores, which are based on these biological examples. The active motion of the microhairs can be used to control surface diffusion of chemical species, or the adhesion of particles, or prevent the attachment of bacterial cells. The opening and closing of surface pores can be used to control drug release, or particle capture. Another important design element is the control of optically-tunable metal nanoparticles, which effect the sensitivity of certain quantitative chemical measurements (known as Raman spectroscopy). These moving surface structures will be designed to tune this sensing sensitivity, which could ultimately be very useful for the identification of bacterial strains. In this way, we are designing adaptive, complex surface microstructures that can respond to their environment using biological inspirations.