Measuring reactive and regulatory processes in middle childhood

测量童年中期的反应和调节过程

• 批准号: RGPIN-2015-04235
• 负责人: Hayden, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Western Ontario
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2018-01-01 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=653259
• 关键词: Measuring; reactive; regulatory; processes; middle

The concept of emotion regulation (ER), defined as fundamental processes by which humans influence emotion experience, has recently gained immense traction in basic research on emotion.  Further, childhood has long been thought to be a crucial period in which neural regulatory processes that shape emotion emerge and begin to mature.  However, research on the construct validity and measurement of ER has not kept pace with the tremendous enthusiasm with which ER is invoked as an explanatory mechanism for emotion-related processes. Further, while research on adults has used neuroimaging techniques to better understand the neural substrates of ER, the application of this methodology in work on children's ER has been slow to emerge.  In order for the field to advance, fundamental questions regarding the measurement of ER, its predictive validity for related constructs, and its neurodevelopmental substrates must be answered.  Thus, this research consists of three programmatic phases.  First, my laboratory will develop and refine a battery of emotionally evocative stimuli suitable for examining normative child emotion regulation, providing a tool for measuring these basic processes. Using stimuli derived from the first program phase, the next step is to examine the influence of children's ER on their emotional responses to stimuli by assigning them to conditions in which they are instructed to enhance, suppress, or not modify emotional responses to the stimuli presented, with children's responses in the different conditions videorecorded and coded to examine the extent to which regulatory processes in this age group are successful in up- or downregulating emotional reactivity to stimuli. These studies will lay the groundwork for the next evolution in this research, in which neural substrates relevant to children's ER will be examined using functional neuroimaging techniques.  Using stimuli validated in the first two studies, children will be scanned while being exposed to emotionally evocative stimuli, again under conditions in which they enhance, experience, or suppress emotional responses.  Two brain systems are thought to play an important role in emotion and ER: the first of these is sometimes referred to as a "ventral" system, and includes the amygdala, ventral striatum, ventromedial PFC, and the insula, among others.  The second system, held to support top-down control processes, includes the dorsolateral and posterior PFC as well as inferior parietal regions.  However, the bulk of past imaging studies of ER comes from work on adults, although important developmental differences are expected in associations between brain function and ER. Thus, this research program will generate new, developmentally sensitive methods for assessing children's ER, a fundamental human process, as well as critical new insights regarding the neural substrates of this construct during early development. *****************

情绪调节（ER）的概念被定义为人类影响情感经验的基本过程，最近在情绪基础研究中获得了巨大的吸引力。此外，长期以来，童年被认为是一个关键时期，在这种时期中，中立的调节过程会塑造情绪并开始成熟。但是，对ER的结构有效性和测量的研究并没有与ER一起作为与情绪相关过程的爆炸性机制所带来的巨大热情。此外，尽管对成年人的研究使用了神经影像学技术来更好地了解ER的神经元底物，但这种方法在儿童ER上的应用程序的应用却很慢。为了使该领域的发展，必须回答有关ER测量，其对相关结构的预测有效性及其神经发育底物的基本问题。该研究由三个程序阶段组成。首先，我的实验室将开发和完善一系列情绪高效的刺激，适合检查正常的儿童情绪调节，从而提供了用于测量这些基本过程的工具。 Using stimuli derived from the first program phase, the next step is to examine the influence of children's ER on their emotional responses to stimuli by assigning them to conditions in which they are instructed to enhance, suppress, or not modify emotional responses to the stimulus presented, with children's responses in the different conditions videorecorded and coded to examine the extent to which regulatory processes in this age group are successful in up- or downregulating emotional reactivity to刺激。这些研究将为这项研究的下一个进化奠定基础，在该研究中，将使用功能性神经成像技术检查与儿童ER相关的神经底物。使用在前两项研究中验证的刺激，在暴露于情感有效刺激的同时，将扫描儿童，在他们增强，经历或抑制情绪反应的条件下再次。人们认为两个大脑系统在情感和ER中起着重要作用：其中的第一个有时称为“腹侧”系统，其中包括杏仁核，腹侧纹状体，腹侧PFC和岛岛等。为支持自上而下的控制过程的第二个系统包括负PFC和下顶区域。但是，过去的大部分ER成像研究都来自成年人的工作，尽管脑功能与ER之间的关联预计会有重要的发展差异。这是该研究计划将生成新的，开发的敏感方法，用于评估儿童急诊室，一个基本的人类过程，以及有关早期开发过程中这种结构的神经基质的关键新见解。 ****