Radar applications to studies of winds, severe weather, temperatures, meteors, and space travel in the atmosphere.

在过去的25年里，我建立了覆盖加拿大国内和国际的研究雷达网络。其中包括加拿大境内用于气象和天气预报研究的风廓线雷达网，以及几乎横跨南北美洲的流星雷达网，包括北极和南极的站点。例如，它们被用于研究天气、臭氧输送、大气波和检查龙卷风等恶劣天气。我写了关于平均状态的浮力波动量通量强迫、使用数字技术的新雷达设计、分析方法、平流层中的大尺度扩散、极地中间层夏季回波（PMSE）和流星尾迹的内部结构的关键论文。在接下来的5年里，我希望真正利用这些雷达网络。我的目标是继续从事各种不同但重要的研究领域，在双重重叠的主题（一）雷达方法和（二）低层和中层大气动力学研究。 虽然这种广泛的方法可以被视为是广泛的，我已经证明了我的能力，以有效地处理广泛的主题[例如，参考R16]. *这些研究的一个统一主题是中层大气在太空旅行中的作用。航天器必须通过对流层、平流层和中间层发射才能到达空间，为了安全发射，必须充分了解这一区域的风、温度、湍流强度、浮力波组成和一般大气结构。一个例子是哥伦比亚号航天飞机事件，霍金等人，二○ ○三年; R27]，航天飞机似乎在解体前穿过了逆温层：虽然不是事故的主要原因，但它可能加剧了事故。最近对商业航天飞行的兴趣（例如SpaceX），包括通过低层空间在大陆之间飞行的计划，使得中层大气条件的实时预测变得更加重要。预期成果包括：将我们的风廓线仪风进一步纳入数值模型，更频繁地在网上实时更新当前状况，提高我们研究和预警龙卷风的能力，将雷达风廓线仪与欧洲航天局（欧空局）ADM-Aeolus使命（http：//www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus）进行比较，对高层大气作用力的浮力波测量，平流层和中间层的扩散过程，PMSE调查，以及使用雷达测量中间层臭氧密度。* 主要的好处包括更好地预报高层大气动态（特别是湍流、波浪、钻孔和逆温事件），从而提高平流层飞行和航天器发射的安全性，并更好地预警地面的恶劣天气事件。

Over the last 25 years, I have built up networks of research radars with both Canadian national as well as international coverage. These comprise a network of windprofiler radars within Canada for meteorological and weather-forecasting studies, and a network of meteor radars which span the Americas almost from pole to pole, including sites in the Arctic and Antarctica. They have been used, for example, in studies of weather, ozone transport, atmospheric waves and examination of severe weather like tornadoes. I have written key papers on buoyancy wave momentum flux forcing of the mean state, new radar designs using digital technology, analysis methods, large-scale diffusion in the stratosphere, polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE), and the internal structure of meteor trails.***In the next 5 years, I wish to truly capitalize on these radar networks. My objective is to continue working on various diverse but important areas of research, within the dual overlying themes of (i) radar methods and (ii) studies of lower- and middle-atmosphere dynamics. While this broad approach could be seen to be extensive, I have shown my ability to handle a wide range of topics efficiently and effectively [e.g., reference R16].***A unifying theme of these studies is the role of the middle atmosphere in space travel. Spacecraft must be launched through the middle troposphere, stratosphere and mesosphere in order to reach space, and the winds, temperatures, turbulence strengths, buoyancy wave composition and general atmospheric structure in this region must be well understood in order to make safe launches. An example is the Space Shuttle Columbia incident in [e.g., Hocking et al., 2003; R27], in which the shuttle appears to have passed through an inversion layer just prior to its disintegration: while not the main cause of the accident, it may have exacerbated it. Recent interest in commercial space flight (e.g. SpaceX), including plans to fly between continents through lower space, have made real-time prediction of middle atmosphere conditions more vital.***Anticipated outcomes include: further integration of our windprofiler winds into numerical models, more frequent real-time web updates of current conditions, enhancement of our ability to study and forewarn of tornadoes, radar windprofiler comparisons with European Space Agency (ESA) ADM-Aeolus mission (http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Aeolus), buoyancy wave measurements of upper atmospheric forcing, diffusion processes in the stratosphere and mesosphere, PMSE investigation, and measurement of mesospheric ozone densities using radar. ***Key benefits include better forecasting capabilities in upper atmosphere dynamics (especially turbulence, waves, bores, and inversion events), thereby leading to improved safety for both stratospheric flight and spacecraft launches, and better warnings of severe weather events at the surface.**