Optimizing bioink solutions for stereolithographic 3D bioprinting

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Recent advances are demonstrating that three dimensional (3D) living and functional tissues can be 3D printed**(bioprinting). By utilizing hydrogels, which are materials composed of three-dimensional cross linked polymers**or colloidal network of both natural and synthetic origin immersed in a fluid - usually more than 90% water, it**is now possible to produce an elastic structure that can be biologically viable and functional. With the use of**CAD modeling software and techniques, 3D bioprinters and hydrogels, it can be possible to create**biocompatible structures allowing for cell placements for organ or tissue engineering. Bioprinting is highly**complex since the various components that comprise hydrogels can impact cell types, growth and cellular**viability. Furthermore, the methods used to 3D print the hydrogel also can have a substantial impact on the**sensitivities of living cells and the construction of tissues. To date, the key printing mechanism for 3D**bioprinters has been digital light processing (DPL) projectors which have been optimized to emit light in the**ultraviolet (UV) range. And as such the hydrogels that have been used have been created to react only to UV**light. Though the resulting printed materials are considered to be biocompatible, the UV light source can**modify or change the behaviour of cell, more specifically, damage the DNA of cells and result in mutagenesis**and carcinogenesis within the printed biomaterial.**This project will develop hydrogels that can be printed into 3D structures, utilizing Canadian developed**Creative CADworks Bio Edition 3D printer, while not adversely affecting the physical condition and**sustainability of the biological cells within the hydrogels. The Creative CADworks Bio Edition 3D printer and**compatible hydrogel materials will be aimed at DLP projectors outside of the UV light range. The project will**print, test and optimise hydrogels with various photo initiators at 365, 405 and 510 light wavelength, from**ultraviolet to visible light. Using control modeling, the bio cells will be evaluated at each stage to understand**how the printing and curing process, at various light wavelengths, has affected the living cells.